1 LOAD

 
 
;;; Mode: Lisp; Package: ocml
 
;;; The Open University
 
(in-package "OCML")
 
 
 
(ensure-ontology akt-support-ontology domain
                  "OCML:LIBRARY;domains;akt-support-ontology;load.lisp")
 

1.1 ontology AKTIVE-PORTAL-ONTOLOGY

 
(def-ontology aktive-portal-ontology
   :author "enrico"
   :includes (akt-support-ontology)
   :allowed-editors ("john")
   :do-not-include-base-ontology? t
   :files ("docs"  "organizations"
            "events" "research-areas" "techs" "projects"
            "new")
   :version 1.0)

2 DOCS

 
 
;;; Mode: Lisp; Package: ocml
 
;;; The Open University
 
(in-package "OCML")
 
(in-ontology aktive-portal-ontology)
 
;;;This file deals with publications. I have reused some stuff from a 
'documents'
;;;ontology which can be found on the ontolingua server
 
 

2.1 class INFORMATION-BEARING-OBJECT

 
(def-class INFORMATION-BEARING-OBJECT (tangible-thing temporal-thing)
   "This notion comes from Cyc.  It is useful to group together all
    information bearing entities, including video, audio and documents.
    An information bearing object may have an author (a generic agent)
    and may be owned by a legal agent. It is a tangible object"
   ((has-author :type generic-agent)
    (owned-by :type legal-agent)))
 
 

2.2 class ABSTRACT-INFORMATION

 
(def-class ABSTRACT-INFORMATION (intangible-thing)
   "Information in general, independent of an object in which it is encoded.
    Whatever is transferred in an information-transfer event.
    It is clearly an intangible thing")
 
 

2.3 class RECORDED-AUDIO

 
(def-class RECORDED-AUDIO (Information-Bearing-Object)
   "Any kind of recorded audio, which is tangible.  This also includes a
    audio file on a machine")
 

2.4 class RECORDED-VIDEO

 
(def-class RECORDED-VIDEO (Information-Bearing-Object)
   "Any kind of recorded video, which is tangible.  This also includes 
(e.g.,) a mpeg
    video file on a machine")
 
 
 

2.5 class PUBLICATION

 
(def-class PUBLICATION (Information-Bearing-Object)
   "A publication is something which has one or more publication references.
    A publication can be both an article in a journal or a journal itself"
   ((has-publication-reference :min-cardinality 1
                               :type publication-reference)
    ))
 
 

2.6 class PERIODICAL-PUBLICATION

 
(def-class PERIODICAL-PUBLICATION (publication) ?x
   "This comes from the ontolingua library.
    A periodical-publication is published regularly, such as once
    every week.  Strictly speaking, the noun 'periodical' is used
    by librarians to refer to things published at intervals of greater
    than a day.  We use the phase periodical-publication to include
    newspapers and other daily publications, since they share many
   bibliographic features."
   ((has-periodicity :cardinality 1 :type time-interval)))
 
 

2.7 class JOURNAL

 
(def-class JOURNAL (Periodical-Publication))
 

2.8 class MAGAZINE

 
(def-class MAGAZINE (Periodical-Publication))
 

2.9 class NEWSPAPER

 
(def-class NEWSPAPER (Periodical-Publication))
 

2.10 axiom MUTUALLY-EXCLUSIVE-PERIODICAL-PUBLICATIONS

 
(def-axiom MUTUALLY-EXCLUSIVE-PERIODICAL-PUBLICATIONS
   (subclass-partition  Periodical-Publication
                                   (Setof Journal Magazine Newspaper)))
 

2.11 class BOOK

 
(def-class BOOK (publication)
   ((has-publication-reference :min-cardinality 1
                               :type book-reference)))
 

2.12 class EDITED-BOOK

 
(def-class EDITED-BOOK (publication)
   ((has-publication-reference :min-cardinality 1
                               :type edited-book-reference)))
 
 
 

2.13 class PUBLICATION-REFERENCE

 
(def-class PUBLICATION-REFERENCE (thing)
   "Not sure whether a reference is a tangible or intangible.
    Open to suggestions"
   ((has-title :type string)
    (has-author :type generic-agent)
    (has-date :type calendar-date)
    (has-place-of-publication :type location)))
    ;;;;;(has-publishing-medium :type publishing-medium)
 
 

2.14 class WEB-REFERENCE

 
(def-class WEB-REFERENCE (publication-reference)
   ((has-URL :type URL)))
 

2.15 class URL

 
(def-class URL (string) ?x
   "A URL is a particular type of string"
   :sufficient-for-type-checking (string ?x))
 
 

2.16 class BOOK-REFERENCE

 
(def-class BOOK-REFERENCE (Publication-Reference)
   ((published-by :type publishing-house)
    (has-ISBN-number :type ISBN-Number)))
 

2.17 class EDITED-BOOK-REFERENCE

 
(def-class EDITED-BOOK-REFERENCE (Book-Reference)
   ((edited-by :type person)
    )
   :slot-renaming ((edited-by has-author)))
 

2.18 class CONFERENCE-PROCEEDINGS-REFERENCE

 
(def-class CONFERENCE-PROCEEDINGS-REFERENCE (Publication-Reference)
   ((edited-by :type person)
    (has-page-numbers :type string)
    (published-in-conference :type conference))
   :slot-renaming ((edited-by has-author)))
 

2.19 class WORKSHOP-PROCEEDINGS-REFERENCE

 
(def-class WORKSHOP-PROCEEDINGS-REFERENCE (Publication-Reference)
   ((edited-by :type person)
    (has-page-numbers :type string)
    (published-in-workshop :type workshop))
    :slot-renaming ((edited-by has-author)))
 
 

2.20 class ISBN-NUMBER

 
(def-class ISBN-NUMBER (string))
 
 

2.21 class BOOK-SECTION-REFERENCE

 
(def-class BOOK-SECTION-REFERENCE (Publication-Reference)
   ((has-page-numbers :type string)
    (section-of-book :type book-reference)))
 
 

2.22 class ARTICLE-REFERENCE

 
(def-class  ARTICLE-REFERENCE (Publication-Reference)
   ((has-page-numbers :type string)
    (article-of-journal :type journal)
    (issue-number :type integer)
    (issue-volume :type integer)))
 
 

2.23 class PROCEEDINGS-PAPER-REFERENCE

 
(def-class PROCEEDINGS-PAPER-REFERENCE (Publication-Reference)
   ((has-page-numbers :type string)
    (paper-in-proceedings :type conference-Proceedings-Reference)))
 
 

2.24 class THESIS-REFERENCE

 
(def-class THESIS-REFERENCE (Publication-Reference)
   ((degree-of-thesis :type academic-degree)
    (institute-of-thesis :type academic-unit)))
 

2.25 class TECHNICAL-REPORT-REFERENCE

 
(def-class TECHNICAL-REPORT-REFERENCE (Publication-Reference)
   ((published-by :type organization)
    (has-tech-report-number :type integer)))

3 ORGANIZATIONS

 
 
;;; Mode: Lisp; Package: ocml
 
;;; The Open University
 
(in-package "OCML")
 
(in-ontology aktive-portal-ontology)
 
 

3.1 class GENERIC-AGENT

 
(def-class GENERIC-AGENT (temporal-thing)
   "This is a generic notion, an agent can be an organization, a person
    an animal, a software agent, etc"
   )
 

3.2 class LEGAL-AGENT

 
(def-class LEGAL-AGENT (generic-agent)
   "Some agents have legal status: definitely organizations and people,
    anybody else?")
 

3.3 class ORGANIZATION

 
(def-class ORGANIZATION (legal-agent)
   "An organization is a type of legal agent"
   ((has-web-address :type URL)
    (has-address :type postal-address)
    (affiliated-people :type affiliated-person)
    (organization-part-of :type organization)
    (has-sub-unit :type organization-unit)
    (headed-by :type affiliated-person)
    (has-size :cardinality 1 :type organization-size)
    ))
 

3.4 class ORGANIZATION-SIZE

 
(def-class ORGANIZATION-SIZE (intangible-thing))
 
 

3.5 instance VERY-LARGE-SIZE

 
(def-instance VERY-LARGE-SIZE organization-size)
 

3.6 instance LARGE-SIZE

 
(def-instance LARGE-SIZE organization-size)
 

3.7 instance MEDIUM-SIZE

 
(def-instance MEDIUM-SIZE organization-size)
 

3.8 instance SMALL-SIZE

 
(def-instance SMALL-SIZE organization-size)
 

3.9 instance MICRO-SIZE

 
(def-instance MICRO-SIZE organization-size)
 
 

3.10 class SMALL-OR-MEDIUM-SIZED-ORGANIZATION

 
(def-class SMALL-OR-MEDIUM-SIZED-ORGANIZATION (organization) ?x
   "SME are important, so we define a class to represent them explicitly.
    In some case we might not know or we do not want to bother specifying
    excatly whether something is a small-organization or a medium-organization.
    Hence, we can just say 'x is a SME' without going into further detail"
   :iff-def (and (organization ?x)
                 (has-size ?x  ?size)
                 (member ?size '(micro-size small-size medium-size)))
    :avoid-infinite-loop t)
 
 

3.11 class ORGANIZATION-UNIT

 
(def-class ORGANIZATION-UNIT (generic-agent)
   "An organization may have a number of units. Units may themselves 
have sub-units"
   ((has-web-address :type URL)
    (has-address :type postal-address)
    (has-size :type  ORGANIZATION-SIZE)
    (affiliated-people :type affiliated-person)
    (unit-of-organization :type organization)
    (sub-unit-of-organization-unit :type organization-unit)
    (has-sub-unit :type organization-unit)
    (headed-by :type affiliated-person)))
 

3.12 rule UNIT-OF-ORGANIZATION-IS-TRANSITIVE

 
(def-rule unit-of-organization-is-transitive
   ((unit-of-organization ?u ?o)
    if
    (sub-unit-of-organization-unit ?u ?u-super)
    (unit-of-organization ?u-super ?o)))
 
 
 

3.13 class NON-PROFIT-ORGANIZATION

 
(def-class NON-PROFIT-ORGANIZATION (organization))
 

3.14 class PROFIT-ORGANIZATION

 
(def-class PROFIT-ORGANIZATION (organization)
   ((subsidiary-of :type profit-organization)))
 

3.15 class PARTNERSHIP

 
(def-class PARTNERSHIP (profit-organization)
   "A partnership is not necessarily a company, e.g. a consultancy firm is
    not a company")
 

3.16 class COMPANY

 
(def-class COMPANY (profit-organization))
 

3.17 class PRIVATE-COMPANY

 
(def-class PRIVATE-COMPANY (company))
 

3.18 class PUBLIC-COMPANY

 
(def-class PUBLIC-COMPANY (company))
 

3.19 class INDUSTRIAL-ORGANIZATION

 
(def-class INDUSTRIAL-ORGANIZATION (profit-organization ))
 

3.20 class GOVERNMENT-ORGANIZATION

 
(def-class GOVERNMENT-ORGANIZATION (non-profit-organization))
 

3.21 class CIVIL-SERVICE

 
(def-class CIVIL-SERVICE (GOVERNMENT-ORGANIZATION))
 

3.22 class GOVERNMENT

 
(def-class GOVERNMENT (GOVERNMENT-ORGANIZATION)
   ((government-of-country :type country)))
 
 

3.23 class CHARITABLE-ORGANIZATION

 
(def-class CHARITABLE-ORGANIZATION (non-profit-organization))
 

3.24 class LEARNING-CENTRED-ORGANIZATION

 
(def-class LEARNING-CENTRED-ORGANIZATION (organization))
 

3.25 class R&D-INSTITUTE

 
(def-class R&D-INSTITUTE (learning-centred-organization ))
 

3.26 class R&D-INSTITUTE-WITHIN-LARGER-ORGANIZATION

 
(def-class R&D-INSTITUTE-WITHIN-LARGER-ORGANIZATION (r&d-institute 
organization-unit))
 

3.27 class EDUCATIONAL-ORGANIZATION

 
(def-class EDUCATIONAL-ORGANIZATION (learning-centred-organization ))
 

3.28 class HIGHER-EDUCATIONAL-ORGANIZATION

 
(def-class HIGHER-EDUCATIONAL-ORGANIZATION (educational-organization)
   ((has-academic-unit :type academic-unit)
    (has-support-unit :type academic-support-unit)))
 
 

3.29 rule HAS-ACADEMIC-UNIT-IMPLIES-HAS-ORGANIZATION-UNIT

 
(def-rule has-academic-unit-implies-has-organization-unit
   ((has-sub-unit ?x ?y)
    if
    (has-academic-unit ?x ?y)))
 

3.30 rule HAS-SUPPORT-UNIT-IMPLIES-HAS-ORGANIZATION-UNIT

 
(def-rule has-support-unit-implies-has-organization-unit
   ((has-sub-unit ?x ?y)
    if
    (has-support-unit ?x ?y)))
 
 

3.31 class UNIVERSITY

 
(def-class UNIVERSITY (higher-educational-organization)
   ((has-faculty :type university-faculty)
    (has-vice-chancellor :type educational-employee))
   :slot-renaming ((has-vice-chancellor headed-by)))
 
 
 

3.32 class DISTANCE-TEACHING-UNIVERSITY

 
(def-class DISTANCE-TEACHING-UNIVERSITY (university))
 

3.33 class SCHOOL

 
(def-class SCHOOL (educational-organization))
 
 

3.34 class ACADEMIC-UNIT

 
(def-class ACADEMIC-UNIT (organization-unit)
   ((unit-of-organization :type university)
    (has-size :default-value small-size
              :documentation "By default academic units are small 
organizations")))
 

3.35 class UNIVERSITY-FACULTY

 
(def-class UNIVERSITY-FACULTY (academic-unit))
 
 

3.36 class ACADEMIC-SUPPORT-UNIT

 
(def-class ACADEMIC-SUPPORT-UNIT (organization-unit))
 

3.37 class PUBLISHING-HOUSE

 
(def-class PUBLISHING-HOUSE (organization))
 
 

3.38 class LOCATION

 
(def-class LOCATION (thing)
   "A generic class for locations.  It includes both real and
    fantastic places")
 

3.39 class GEOGRAPHICAL-REGION

 
(def-class GEOGRAPHICAL-REGION (tangible-thing location)
   "'Real' geographical regions")
 

3.40 class GEOPOLITICAL-ENTITY

 
(def-class GEOPOLITICAL-ENTITY (Geographical-Region Generic-Agent)
   "For instance, Russia, Italy, The-city-of-Messina, etc..")
 

3.41 class COUNTRY

 
(def-class COUNTRY (Geopolitical-Entity)
   ((has-capital :type capital-city)
    (has-currency :type currency)
    (has-government :type government)))
 

3.42 class CURRENCY

 
(def-class CURRENCY (information-bearing-object)
    ((issued-by :type government)))
 

3.43 class AMOUNT-OF-MONEY

 
(def-class AMOUNT-OF-MONEY (Quantity)
   ((has-unit-of-measure :type currency)
    (has-amount :type number))
   :slot-renaming ((has-amount has-magnitude)))
 

3.44 class MUNICIPAL-UNIT

 
(def-class MUNICIPAL-UNIT (geopolitical-entity))
 

3.45 class CITY

 
(def-class CITY (municipal-unit))
 

3.46 class CAPITAL-CITY

 
(def-class CAPITAL-CITY (city)
   ((is-capital-of :type country)))
 

3.47 axiom CONSISTENCY-BETWEEN-COUNTRIES-AND-CAPITAL-CITIES

 
(def-axiom CONSISTENCY-BETWEEN-COUNTRIES-AND-CAPITAL-CITIES
   (<=> (is-capital-of ?city ?country)
        (has-capital ?country ?city)))
 
 

3.48 class VILLAGE

 
(def-class VILLAGE (municipal-unit))
 

3.49 class LOCAL-DISTRICT

 
(def-class LOCAL-DISTRICT (geopolitical-entity))
 

3.50 class ADDRESS

 
(def-class ADDRESS (thing)
   "A generic class for addresses, whether email or postal.
    Is an address a tangible thing or an intangible thing?")
 
 

3.51 class POSTAL-ADDRESS

 
(def-class POSTAL-ADDRESS (address)
  ((address-street :type string)
    (address-area :type local-district)
    (address-number :type integer)
    (address-building :type string)
    (address-city-or-village :type municipal-unit)
    (address-postcode :type string)
    (address-region :type geographical-region)
    (address-country :type country)))
 

3.52 class EMAIL-ADDRESS

 
(def-class EMAIL-ADDRESS (string address) ?x
  :sufficient-for-type-checking (string ?x))
 
 

3.53 class PERSON

 
(def-class PERSON (legal-agent)
   ((full-name :type string)
    (has-gender :type gender)
    (has-postal-address :type postal-address)
    (has-web-address :type URL)
    (has-email-address :type email-address)
    (has-appellation :type appellation)))
 
 

3.54 class APPELLATION

 
(def-class APPELLATION (Intangible-thing))
 

3.55 instance DR

 
(def-instance DR appellation)
 

3.56 instance MR

 
(def-instance MR appellation)
 

3.57 instance MS

 
(def-instance MS appellation)
 

3.58 instance MISS

 
(def-instance MISS appellation)
 

3.59 instance PROF

 
(def-instance PROF appellation)
 

3.60 instance MRS

 
(def-instance MRS appellation)
 

3.61 instance SIR

 
(def-instance SIR appellation)
 

3.62 instance LADY

 
(def-instance LADY appellation)
 
 

3.63 class GENDER

 
(def-class GENDER (Intangible-thing) ?x
   "HPKB says that genders are intangible..Uhm..."
   :iff-def (element-of  ?x (set-of male-gender female-gender)))
 

3.64 instance MALE-GENDER

 
(def-instance MALE-GENDER gender)
 

3.65 instance FEMALE-GENDER

 
(def-instance FEMALE-GENDER gender)
 
 

3.66 class AFFILIATED-PERSON

 
(def-class AFFILIATED-PERSON (person)
   ((has-affiliation :type organization :min-cardinality 1)))
 

3.67 class WORKING-PERSON

 
(def-class WORKING-PERSON (person)
   ((has-work-status :type work-status)))
 
 

3.68 class WORK-STATUS

 
(def-class WORK-STATUS (Intangible-thing))
 

3.69 instance FULL-TIME

 
(def-instance FULL-TIME work-status)
 

3.70 instance PART-TIME

 
(def-instance PART-TIME  work-status)
 
 

3.71 class SELF-EMPLOYED-PERSON

 
(def-class SELF-EMPLOYED-PERSON (working-person))
 
 

3.72 class EMPLOYEE

 
(def-class EMPLOYEE (affiliated-person working-person) ?x
   ((works-for :type organization)
    (works-in-unit :type organization-unit)
    (has-job-title :type string)
    )
   :slot-renaming ((works-for has-affiliation))
   :constraint (forall (?u ?o)
                       (=> (and  (works-in-unit ?x ?u)
                                 (works-for ?x ?o))
                           (unit-of-organization ?u ?o))))
 
 
 

3.73 class EDUCATIONAL-EMPLOYEE

 
(def-class EDUCATIONAL-EMPLOYEE (employee) ?x
   ((works-for :min-cardinality 1 :type educational-organization))
   :iff-def (and  (works-for ?x ?y)
                 (educational-organization ?y))
 
   :no-proofs-by (:iff-def)) ;;to avoid endless loops with the renaming in
                             ;;the definition of Employee
 

3.74 class STUDENT

 
(def-class STUDENT (affiliated-person)
   ((has-affiliation :type educational-organization :min-cardinality 1)))
 

3.75 class ACADEMIC

 
(def-class ACADEMIC (educational-employee)
   ((works-for :type higher-educational-organization)
    (has-research-interest :type research-area)))
 

3.76 class RESEARCHER

 
(def-class RESEARCHER (working-person)
   ((has-research-interest :type research-area)))
 

3.77 class RESEARCHER-IN-ACADEMIA

 
(def-class RESEARCHER-IN-ACADEMIA (academic researcher))
 

3.78 class RESEARCH-FELLOW-IN-ACADEMIA

 
(def-class RESEARCH-FELLOW-IN-ACADEMIA  (researcher-in-academia))
 

3.79 class SENIOR-RESEARCH-FELLOW-IN-ACADEMIA

 
(def-class SENIOR-RESEARCH-FELLOW-IN-ACADEMIA  (researcher-in-academia))
 

3.80 class RESEARCH-ASSISTANT-IN-ACADEMIA

 
(def-class RESEARCH-ASSISTANT-IN-ACADEMIA  (researcher-in-academia))
 

3.81 class LECTURER-IN-ACADEMIA

 
(def-class LECTURER-IN-ACADEMIA  (academic))
 

3.82 class SENIOR-LECTURER-IN-ACADEMIA

 
(def-class SENIOR-LECTURER-IN-ACADEMIA  (academic))
 

3.83 class PROFESSOR-IN-ACADEMIA

 
(def-class PROFESSOR-IN-ACADEMIA  (academic))
 

3.84 class READER-IN-ACADEMIA

 
(def-class READER-IN-ACADEMIA  (academic))
 
;;;Some sample instances below.....
 

3.85 instance THE-OPEN-UNIVERSITY

 
(def-instance THE-OPEN-UNIVERSITY distance-teaching-university
   ((has-web-address "http://www.open.ac.uk")
    (has-sub-unit knowledge-media-institute)
    (has-size large-size)))
 

3.86 instance UNIVERSITY-OF-SOUTHAMPTON

 
(def-instance UNIVERSITY-OF-SOUTHAMPTON university
   ((has-web-address "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk")
    (has-academic-unit dept-of-electronics-and-computer-science-at-southampton)
    (has-size large-size)))
 

3.87 instance UNIVERSITY-OF-EDINBURGH

 
(def-instance UNIVERSITY-OF-EDINBURGH university
   ((has-size large-size)
    (has-web-address "http://www.ed.ac.uk/")
    (has-academic-unit division-of-informatics-at-edinburgh)))
 

3.88 instance UNIVERSITY-OF-SHEFFIELD

 
(def-instance UNIVERSITY-OF-SHEFFIELD university
   ((has-web-address "http://www.shef.ac.uk")
    (has-academic-unit dept-of-computer-science-at-sheffield)
    (has-size large-size)))
 

3.89 instance UNIVERSITY-OF-ABERDEEN

 
(def-instance UNIVERSITY-OF-ABERDEEN university
   ((has-size large-size)
    (has-web-address "http://www.abdn.ac.uk/")
    (has-academic-unit dept-of-computing-science-at-aberdeen)))
 

3.90 instance EPSRC

 
(def-instance EPSRC non-profit-organization
   ((has-size small-size)))
 
 

3.91 instance DEPT-OF-COMPUTING-SCIENCE-AT-ABERDEEN

 
(def-instance DEPT-OF-COMPUTING-SCIENCE-AT-ABERDEEN academic-unit
   ((has-web-address "http://www.csd.abdn.ac.uk/")
    (unit-of-organization  university-of-aberdeen)))
 

3.92 instance DEPT-OF-COMPUTER-SCIENCE-AT-SHEFFIELD

 
(def-instance DEPT-OF-COMPUTER-SCIENCE-AT-SHEFFIELD academic-unit
   ((has-web-address "http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk")
    (unit-of-organization university-of-sheffield)))
 

3.93 instance KNOWLEDGE-MEDIA-INSTITUTE

 
(def-instance KNOWLEDGE-MEDIA-INSTITUTE 
r&d-institute-within-larger-organization
   ((has-web-address "http://kmi.open.ac.uk")
    (has-size small-size)
    (unit-of-organization the-open-university)))
 

3.94 instance FACULTY-OF-SCIENCE-AND-ENGINEERING-AT-EDINBURGH

 
(def-instance FACULTY-OF-SCIENCE-AND-ENGINEERING-AT-EDINBURGH 
university-faculty
   ((unit-of-organization university-of-edinburgh)))
 

3.95 instance DIVISION-OF-INFORMATICS-AT-EDINBURGH

 
(def-instance DIVISION-OF-INFORMATICS-AT-EDINBURGH academic-unit
   ((has-web-address "http://www.informatics.ed.ac.uk/")
    (sub-unit-of-organization-unit 
faculty-of-science-and-engineering-at-edinburgh)
    (unit-of-organization university-of-edinburgh)))
 

3.96 instance DEPT-OF-ELECTRONICS-AND-COMPUTER-SCIENCE-AT-SOUTHAMPTON

 
(def-instance DEPT-OF-ELECTRONICS-AND-COMPUTER-SCIENCE-AT-SOUTHAMPTON 
academic-unit
   ((unit-of-organization university-of-southampton)))
 
 

3.97 instance JOHN-DOMINGUE

 
(def-instance JOHN-DOMINGUE senior-research-fellow-in-academia
   ((has-research-interest e-commerce-research-area
                           software-visualization
                           knowledge-management
                           organizational-learning)
    (works-for the-open-university)
    (works-in-unit knowledge-media-institute)
    (has-job-title "Deputy Director, Knowledge Media Institute")
    (has-work-status full-time)
    (has-appellation dr)
    (has-email-address "j.b.domingue@open.ac.uk")
    (has-web-address "http://kmi.open.ac.uk/people/john")
    (has-gender  male-gender)
    (full-name "john domingue")))
 

3.98 instance NIGEL-SHADBOLT

 
(def-instance NIGEL-SHADBOLT professor-in-academia
   "What does 'R.' stand for in 'Nigel R. Shadbolt'?"
   ((has-research-interest knowledge-acquisition
                           knowledge-management)
    (works-for University-of-southampton)
    (works-in-unit dept-of-electronics-and-computer-science-at-southampton)
    (has-job-title "Professor of Knowledge Something")
    (has-work-status full-time)
    (has-appellation prof)
    (has-email-address "nrs@ecs.soton.ac.uk")
    (has-web-address "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~nrs/")
    (has-gender  male-gender)
    (full-name "Nigel Rodriguez Shadbolt")))
 
 
 
 
 

4 EVENTS

 
 
;;; Mode: Lisp; Package: ocml
 
;;; The Open University
 
(in-package "OCML")
 
(in-ontology aktive-portal-ontology)
 
;;;A simple, initial ontology for events.  We use some of Roger 
Schank's categories
;;;to give some kind of top-level structuring
 

4.1 class EVENT

 
(def-class EVENT (temporal-thing) ?x
  "This is a minimalist definition of class event.  We start with the 
very basic
    and we will then add slots as we specialise this definition for 
specific classes of events.
    The fillers of slots has-other-agents-involved and has-main-agent should not
    intersect"
   ((has-main-agent
         :type generic-agent
        :documentation "The agents causing the event to happen, if 
they are known.")
    (has-other-agents-involved
        :type generic-agent
        :documentation "Other agents involved in the event")
    (has-sub-event :type event)
    (has-location
        :type location
        :documentation "The location at which an event takes place"))
   :constraint (not (exists ?a
                            (and (has-main-agent ?x ?a)
                                 (has-other-agents-involved ?x ?a)))))
 
 

4.2 class EVENT-INVOLVING-PRODUCTION

 
(def-class EVENT-INVOLVING-PRODUCTION (event)
   "When something is produced"
   ((Event-product :type individual)))
 

4.3 class EVENT-INVOLVING-MOVEMENT

 
(def-class EVENT-INVOLVING-MOVEMENT (event)
   "This is an event in which the main agent (plus maybe others)
    goes from some place to another"
   ((Location-at-start :type location :max-cardinality 1)
    (Location-at-end :type location :max-cardinality 1)
    (means-of-transport-used :type generalised-means-of-transport))
  :slot-renaming ((location-at-start has-location)))
 

4.4 class GENERALIZED-TRANSFER

 
(def-class GENERALIZED-TRANSFER (event-involving-movement)
   "An event in which the main agent transfers something (the 
thing-acted-on, tangible or intangible)
    to one or more recipient agents.
    Note that we do not say anything about whether the original agent 
still retain
    the thing-acted-on.  In some cases this is clearly true ('I pass 
my wisdom on to my daughter'),
    in other cases it is not (I give you my wallet)."
 
    ((thing-acted-on :type individual
                      :documentation "What is being transferred")
     (recipient-agents :type generic-agent
                       :documentation "The agents which receive the 
thing-acted-on"))
    :slot-renaming ((recipient-agents has-other-agents-involved)))
 
 

4.5 class INFORMATION-TRANSFER-EVENT

 
(def-class INFORMATION-TRANSFER-EVENT (generalized-transfer)
   "A generalized transfer in which information is passed from main 
agent to one or more
    recipient agents.  Examples include giving a tutorial."
   ((sender-of-information :type generic-agent)
    (information-being-transferred  :type abstract-information)
    (information-object-being-transferred  :type information-bearing-object)
    (information-transfer-medium-used :type information-transfer-medium))
   :slot-renaming ((sender-of-information has-main-agent)
                   (information-being-transferred thing-acted-on)
                   (information-transfer-medium-used means-of-transport-used)))
 
 
 

4.6 class GENERALISED-MEANS-OF-TRANSPORT

 
(def-class GENERALISED-MEANS-OF-TRANSPORT (thing)
   "This is a generic class to catch all sorts of borderline and metaphorical
    ways to carry things from A to B")
 

4.7 class TRANSPORTATION-DEVICE

 
(def-class TRANSPORTATION-DEVICE (generalised-means-of-transport 
tangible-thing)
   "Something tangible designed to transport people, animals, objects 
from A to B.
    For instance a bycicle, a car, a boat, etc.")
 

4.8 class INFORMATION-TRANSFER-MEDIUM

 
(def-class INFORMATION-TRANSFER-MEDIUM (generalised-means-of-transport))
 

4.9 instance EMAIL-MEDIUM

 
(def-instance EMAIL-MEDIUM INFORMATION-TRANSFER-MEDIUM)
 

4.10 class MESSAGE

 
(def-class MESSAGE (information-bearing-object)
   ((sender-of-message :type generic-agent)
    (recipient-of-message :type generic-agent)
    (time-of-message :type time-point)))
 

4.11 class LETTER

 
(def-class LETTER (message))
 

4.12 class EMAIL-MESSAGE

 
(def-class EMAIL-MESSAGE (message))
 

4.13 class SENDING-AN-EMAIL

 
(def-class SENDING-AN-EMAIL (information-transfer-event )
   "a generalized transfer in which information is passed from main 
agent to one or more
    recipient agents.  examples include giving a tutorial."
   ((sender-of-information :type generic-agent)
    (information-object-being-transferred  :type email-message)
    (information-transfer-medium-used :value email-medium )))
 
 

4.14 class SOCIAL-GATHERING

 
(def-class SOCIAL-GATHERING (event))
 

4.15 class MEETING-TAKING-PLACE

 
(def-class MEETING-TAKING-PLACE (social-gathering)
   ((meeting-attendees :type person)
    (meeting-organizer :type person)
    )
   :slot-renaming ((meeting-organizer has-main-agent)
                   (meeting-attendees  has-other-agents-involved)))
 
 

4.16 class PUBLICATION-TYPE-EVENT

 
(def-class PUBLICATION-TYPE-EVENT (event-involving-production)
   ((event-product :type publication)
    ))
 

4.17 class CONFERENCE

 
(def-class CONFERENCE (meeting-taking-place publication-type-event)
   ((published-proceedings :type conference-Proceedings-Reference))
   :slot-renaming ((published-proceedings event-product)))
 

4.18 class WORKSHOP

 
(def-class WORKSHOP (meeting-taking-place publication-type-event)
   ((published-proceedings :type workshop-Proceedings-Reference))
   :slot-renaming ((published-proceedings event-product)))
 

4.19 class BOOK-PUBLISHING

 
(def-class BOOK-PUBLISHING (publication-type-event)
   ((published-book :type book))
  :slot-renaming ((published-book event-product)))
 

4.20 class CONFERRING-AN-AWARD

 
(def-class CONFERRING-AN-AWARD (generalized-transfer )
   ((has-awarding-body :type awarding-body)
    (has-award-rationale :type string)
    (confers-award :type award))
   :slot-renaming ((has-awarding-body has-main-agent)
                   (confers-award thing-acted-on)))
 

4.21 class AWARDING-BODY

 
(def-class AWARDING-BODY (legal-agent)
   "Typically this is an individual or an organization")
 
 

4.22 class AWARD

 
(def-class AWARD (Intangible-thing)
   "An award is an intangible thing, even if the
    piece of paper which is often associated with an award is
    tangible.  What about the virtual piece of paper in the
    virtual degree ceremony?  I guess that ought to be an intangible")
 

4.23 class FINANCIAL-AWARD

 
(def-class FINANCIAL-AWARD (Intangible-thing)
   "An award is an intangible thing, even if the
    piece of paper which is often associated with an award is
    tangible.  What about the virtual piece of paper in the
    virtual degree ceremony?  I guess that ought to be an intangible"
   ((has-amount :type amount-of-money)))
 

4.24 class DEGREE

 
(def-class DEGREE (award)
   "A degree is type of award"
)
 
 

4.25 class ACADEMIC-DEGREE

 
(def-class ACADEMIC-DEGREE (degree))
 

4.26 instance PHD

 
(def-instance PHD academic-degree)
 

4.27 instance DENG

 
(def-instance DENG academic-degree)
 

4.28 instance MSC

 
(def-instance MSC academic-degree)
 

4.29 instance MA

 
(def-instance MA academic-degree)
 

4.30 instance BA

 
(def-instance BA academic-degree)
 

4.31 instance BSC

 
(def-instance BSC academic-degree)
 
 
 
 

4.32 class GIVING-A-TALK

 
(def-class GIVING-A-TALK (information-transfer-event)
   ((has-speaker :type person)
    )
   :slot-renaming ((has-speaker sender-of-information)))
 

4.33 class ATTENDING-AN-EVENT

 
(def-class ATTENDING-AN-EVENT (event)
   ((event-attended :type event)))
 
 
 

4.34 class ATTENDING-A-CONFERENCE

 
(def-class ATTENDING-A-CONFERENCE (attending-an-event)
   ((event-attended :type conference)))
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

5 RESEARCH-AREAS

 
 
;;; Mode: Lisp; Package: ocml
 
;;; The Open University
 
(in-package "OCML")
 
(in-ontology aktive-portal-ontology)
 
 
;;;This file  provides a very simple notion of GENERIC-AREA-OF-INTEREST,
;;;with two main subclasses: BUSINESS-AREA and RESEARCH-AREA.
;;;Areas can have sub-areas, e.g., adaptive-hypermedia is a sub-area of
;;;hypermedia.
;;;I have also done an initial list of research areas relevant to AKT.  I have
;;;used the sub-area-of slot very timidly, because I know that these are very
;;;sensitive relations!
 

5.1 class GENERIC-AREA-OF-INTEREST

 
(def-class GENERIC-AREA-OF-INTEREST (intangible-thing)
  "A generic class to specify generic areas for research or business 
initiatives.
   For instance, the area in which a project is situated"
  ((sub-area-of :type generic-area-of-interest)))
 
 

5.2 class RESEARCH-AREA

 
(def-class RESEARCH-AREA (generic-area-of-interest)
   ((sub-area-of :type research-area)))
 

5.3 class BUSINESS-AREA

 
(def-class BUSINESS-AREA (generic-area-of-interest)
   )
 

5.4 instance LEARNING-RESEARCH-AREA

 
(def-instance  LEARNING-RESEARCH-AREA  research-area)
 

5.5 instance COMPUTING-RESEARCH-AREA

 
(def-instance COMPUTING-RESEARCH-AREA research-area)
 

5.6 instance ARTIFICIAL-INTELLIGENCE-RESEARCH-AREA

 
(def-instance ARTIFICIAL-INTELLIGENCE-RESEARCH-AREA research-area
   )
 

5.7 instance COGNITIVE-MODELLING-RESEARCH-AREA

 
(def-instance COGNITIVE-MODELLING-RESEARCH-AREA research-area
   )
 

5.8 instance E-COMMERCE-RESEARCH-AREA

 
(def-instance E-COMMERCE-RESEARCH-AREA research-area)
 

5.9 instance TELEPRESENCE-RESEARCH-AREA

 
(def-instance TELEPRESENCE-RESEARCH-AREA research-area)
 

5.10 instance HUMAN-COMPUTER-INTERACTION

 
(def-instance HUMAN-COMPUTER-INTERACTION research-area
   ((sub-area-of computing-research-area)))
 

5.11 instance SOFTWARE-VISUALIZATION

 
(def-instance SOFTWARE-VISUALIZATION  research-area
   ((sub-area-of human-computer-interaction)))
 

5.12 instance INFORMATION-RETRIEVAL

 
(def-instance INFORMATION-RETRIEVAL research-area)
 

5.13 instance AGENT-BASED-COMPUTING

 
(def-instance AGENT-BASED-COMPUTING research-area)
 

5.14 instance HYPERMEDIA

 
(def-instance HYPERMEDIA research-area)
 

5.15 instance ADAPTIVE-HYPERMEDIA

 
(def-instance ADAPTIVE-HYPERMEDIA research-area
   ((sub-area-of hypermedia)))
 

5.16 instance COLLABORATIVE-HYPERMEDIA

 
(def-instance COLLABORATIVE-HYPERMEDIA research-area
   ((sub-area-of hypermedia)))
 

5.17 instance MULTIMEDIA-RESEARCH-AREA

 
(def-instance MULTIMEDIA-RESEARCH-AREA  research-area
   )
 

5.18 instance DYNAMIC-LINKING

 
(def-instance DYNAMIC-LINKING research-area
   ((sub-area-of adaptive-hypermedia)))
 

5.19 instance ORGANIZATIONAL-LEARNING

 
(def-instance ORGANIZATIONAL-LEARNING research-area
   ((sub-area-of Learning-research-area)))
 
 
 
 

5.20 instance KNOWLEDGE-MANAGEMENT

 
(def-instance KNOWLEDGE-MANAGEMENT research-area
   )
 

5.21 instance KNOWLEDGE-ACQUISITION

 
(def-instance KNOWLEDGE-ACQUISITION research-area
   ((sub-area-of knowledge-management)))
 
 

5.22 instance INCIDENTAL-KA

 
(def-instance INCIDENTAL-KA  research-area
   ((sub-area-of knowledge-acquisition)))
 

5.23 instance KNOWLEDGE-LIFECYCLE

 
(def-instance KNOWLEDGE-LIFECYCLE  research-area
   ((sub-area-of knowledge-management)))
 

5.24 instance KNOWLEDGE-MODELLING

 
(def-instance KNOWLEDGE-MODELLING  research-area
   ((sub-area-of knowledge-management)))
 

5.25 instance ONTOLOGIES

 
(def-instance ONTOLOGIES  research-area
   ((sub-area-of knowledge-modelling knowledge-reuse)))
 

5.26 instance WEB-RESEARCH-AREA

 
(def-instance WEB-RESEARCH-AREA research-area)
 

5.27 instance SEMANTIC-WEB-AREA

 
(def-instance SEMANTIC-WEB-AREA  research-area
   ((sub-area-of web-research-area)))
 

5.28 instance PROBLEM-SOLVING-METHODS

 
(def-instance PROBLEM-SOLVING-METHODS  research-area
   ((sub-area-of knowledge-modelling knowledge-reuse)))
 

5.29 instance KNOWLEDGE-MAINTENANCE

 
(def-instance KNOWLEDGE-MAINTENANCE  research-area
   ((sub-area-of knowledge-management)))
 
 

5.30 instance KNOWLEDGE-RETRIEVAL

 
(def-instance KNOWLEDGE-RETRIEVAL  research-area
   ((sub-area-of knowledge-management)))
 

5.31 instance KNOWLEDGE-REUSE

 
(def-instance KNOWLEDGE-REUSE  research-area
  ((sub-area-of knowledge-management)) )
 

5.32 instance KNOWLEDGE-PUBLISHING

 
(def-instance KNOWLEDGE-PUBLISHING  research-area
  ((sub-area-of knowledge-management)))
 

5.33 instance LANGUAGE-ENGINEERING

 
(def-instance LANGUAGE-ENGINEERING  research-area
   )
 

5.34 instance INFORMATION-EXTRACTION

 
(def-instance  INFORMATION-EXTRACTION research-area
   ((sub-area-of language-engineering)))
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

6 TECHS

 
 
;;; Mode: Lisp; Package: ocml
 
;;; The Open University
 
(in-package "OCML")
 
(in-ontology aktive-portal-ontology)
 

6.1 relation ADDRESSES-GENERIC-AREA-OF-INTEREST

 
(def-relation ADDRESSES-GENERIC-AREA-OF-INTEREST (?X ?area)
   :constraint (generic-area-of-interest ?area)
   :sufficient (and (sub-area-of ?sub-area ?area)
                    (addresses-generic-area-of-interest ?x ?sub-area)))
 
 

6.2 class TECHNOLOGY

 
(def-class TECHNOLOGY (thing)
   "By technology we mean engineered applications of science.
    I guess we are probably confining ourselves to tangible things, but
    as I am not sure I will use thing as the direct superclass"
   ((has-author :type person)
    (owned-by :type organization)
    (technology-builds-on :type technology)
    (supports-method :type method)
    (addresses-generic-area-of-interest :type generic-area-of-interest)))
 

6.3 class METHOD

 
(def-class METHOD (intangible-thing)
   "Merrian-Webster has a good set of definitions for a method.
    They say it is 'a systematic procedure,
    technique, or mode of inquiry employed by or proper to a particular
    discipline or art;  a systematic plan followed in presenting
    material for instruction; a way, technique, or
    process of or for doing something; a body of skills or techniques'.
    This is very much also what we mean by method."
   ((has-author :type person)
    (owned-by :type organization)
    (method-builds-on :type method)
    (addresses-generic-area-of-interest
     :type generic-area-of-interest)))
 

6.4 class COMPUTING-TECHNOLOGY

 
(def-class COMPUTING-TECHNOLOGY (technology))
 

6.5 class SOFTWARE-TECHNOLOGY

 
(def-class SOFTWARE-TECHNOLOGY (computing-technology))
 

6.6 class IMPLEMENTED-SYSTEM

 
(def-class IMPLEMENTED-SYSTEM (software-technology)
   ((requires-hardware-platform :type hardware-platform)
    (runs-on-operating-system :type operating-system)
    (requires-software-technology :type software-technology)
    (has-status :type software-status
                :documentation "Whether the software is released, 
alpha or beta")))
 

6.7 class WEB-SITE

 
(def-class WEB-SITE (implemented-system Information-bearing-object)
   ((has-url :type url)))
 

6.8 class PROGRAMMING-ENVIRONMENT

 
(def-class PROGRAMMING-ENVIRONMENT (implemented-system)
   ((supports-language :type programming-language)))
 

6.9 class WEB-BASED-SYSTEM

 
(def-class WEB-BASED-SYSTEM (implemented-system)
   "A system which is accessible through the web"
   ((requires-hardware-platform-on-server-side :type hardware-platform)
    (runs-on-operating-system-on-server-side :type operating-system)
    (requires-software-technology-on-server-side :type software-technology)
    (requires-hardware-platform-on-client-side :type hardware-platform)
    (runs-on-operating-system-on-client-side :type operating-system)
    (requires-software-technology-on-client-side :type software-technology))
   :slot-renaming ((requires-software-technology-on-server-side 
requires-software-technology)
                   (requires-hardware-platform-on-server-side 
requires-hardware-platform)
                   (runs-on-operating-system-on-server-side 
runs-on-operating-system)))
 

6.10 class WEB-BROWSER

 
(def-class WEB-BROWSER (implemented-system)
   "A web browser is not a web-based system!")
 
 
 

6.11 class HARDWARE-TECHNOLOGY

 
(def-class HARDWARE-TECHNOLOGY (computing-technology))
 

6.12 class OPERATING-SYSTEM

 
(def-class OPERATING-SYSTEM (implemented-system))
 

6.13 class EDITOR

 
(def-class EDITOR (implemented-system)
   ((supports-language :type specification-or-computing-language)))
 

6.14 class WEB-BASED-EDITOR

 
(def-class WEB-BASED-EDITOR (editor web-based-system))
 
 

6.15 class HARDWARE-PLATFORM

 
(def-class HARDWARE-PLATFORM (hardware-technology))
 

6.16 class SPECIFICATION-OR-COMPUTING-LANGUAGE

 
(def-class SPECIFICATION-OR-COMPUTING-LANGUAGE (software-technology))
 

6.17 class PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGE

 
(def-class PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGE (specification-or-computing-language))
 

6.18 class SPECIFICATION-LANGUAGE

 
(def-class SPECIFICATION-LANGUAGE (specification-or-computing-language))
 

6.19 class SCRIPTING-LANGUAGE

 
(def-class SCRIPTING-LANGUAGE (programming-language))
 
 

6.20 class SOFTWARE-STATUS

 
(def-class SOFTWARE-STATUS (intangible-thing))
 

6.21 instance ALPHA-VERSION

 
(def-instance ALPHA-VERSION software-status)
 

6.22 instance BETA-VERSION

 
(def-instance BETA-VERSION software-status)
 

6.23 instance RELEASED-VERSION

 
(def-instance RELEASED-VERSION software-status)
 

6.24 instance BROKEN-VERSION

 
(def-instance BROKEN-VERSION software-status)
 

6.25 instance EXPERIMENTAL-VERSION

 
(def-instance EXPERIMENTAL-VERSION software-status)
 
 

6.26 class WEB-TECHNOLOGY

 
(def-class WEB-TECHNOLOGY (computing-technology)
   ((addresses-generic-area-of-interest :value web-research-area)))
 

6.27 class SERVER-TECHNOLOGY

 
(def-class SERVER-TECHNOLOGY (software-technology web-technology))
 

6.28 class MULTIMEDIA-TECHNOLOGY

 
(def-class MULTIMEDIA-TECHNOLOGY (software-technology)
   ((addresses-generic-area-of-interest :value multimedia-research-area)))
 

6.29 class LANGUAGE-ENGINEERING-TECHNOLOGY

 
(def-class LANGUAGE-ENGINEERING-TECHNOLOGY (software-technology)
   ((addresses-generic-area-of-interest :value  language-engineering)))
 

6.30 class INFORMATION-EXTRACTION-TECHNOLOGY

 
(def-class INFORMATION-EXTRACTION-TECHNOLOGY (language-engineering-technology)
   ((addresses-generic-area-of-interest :value  INFORMATION-EXTRACTION )))
 

6.31 class AGENT-TECHNOLOGY

 
(def-class AGENT-TECHNOLOGY (software-technology)
   ((addresses-generic-area-of-interest :value AGENT-BASED-COMPUTING )))
 

6.32 class SOFTWARE-VISUALIZATION-TECHNOLOGY

 
(def-class SOFTWARE-VISUALIZATION-TECHNOLOGY (software-technology)
   ((addresses-generic-area-of-interest  SOFTWARE-VISUALIZATION)))
 

6.33 class KNOWLEDGE-MODELLING-TECHNOLOGY

 
(def-class KNOWLEDGE-MODELLING-TECHNOLOGY (software-technology)
   ((addresses-generic-area-of-interest :value knowledge-modelling )))
 

6.34 class ONTOLOGY-SPECIFICATION-LANGUAGE

 
(def-class ONTOLOGY-SPECIFICATION-LANGUAGE (specification-language
                                             knowledge-modelling-technology)
   ((addresses-generic-area-of-interest :value ontologies)))
 
 
 

6.35 class KNOWLEDGE-PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGE

 
(def-class KNOWLEDGE-PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGE (programming-language
                                            knowledge-modelling-technology)
   "These are knowledge modelling languages which have an interpreter and that
    can be used to build systems")
 

6.36 class OPERATIONAL-ONTOLOGY-SPECIFICATION-LANGUAGE

 
(def-class OPERATIONAL-ONTOLOGY-SPECIFICATION-LANGUAGE 
(ontology-specification-language
 
knowledge-programming-language))
 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;;Below I define some instances to give examples of
;;;the above categories
 
 

6.37 instance CLIPS

 
(def-instance CLIPS knowledge-programming-language)
 

6.38 instance ONTOLINGUA

 
(def-instance ONTOLINGUA ontology-specification-language)
 

6.39 instance DAML+OIL

 
(def-instance DAML+OIL operational-ontology-specification-language)
 

6.40 instance OIL

 
(def-instance OIL operational-ontology-specification-language)
 

6.41 instance OCML

 
(def-instance OCML operational-ontology-specification-language)
 

6.42 instance JAVA

 
(def-instance JAVA programming-language)
 

6.43 instance LISP

 
(def-instance LISP programming-language)
 

6.44 instance PROLOG

 
(def-instance PROLOG programming-language)
 

6.45 instance C++

 
(def-instance C++ programming-language)
 

6.46 instance SMALLTALK

 
(def-instance SMALLTALK programming-language)
 

6.47 instance PERL

 
(def-instance PERL programming-language)
 

6.48 instance CGI

 
(def-instance CGI scripting-language)
 

6.49 instance JAVASCRIPT

 
(def-instance JAVASCRIPT scripting-language)
 
 
 

6.50 instance KMI-WEB-LISP-SERVER

 
(def-instance KMI-WEB-LISP-SERVER server-technology)
 

6.51 instance HARLEQUIN-COMMON-LISP

 
(def-instance HARLEQUIN-COMMON-LISP programming-environment
   ((supports-language lisp)
    (has-status released-version)
    (owned-by Xanalys)
    (RUNS-ON-OPERATING-SYSTEM windows2000 unix)
    ))
 

6.52 instance GLOBAL-GRAPHICS-SOFTWARE

 
(def-instance GLOBAL-GRAPHICS-SOFTWARE public-company
   "About 600 employees - I guess we consider it a medium-sized organization"
   ((has-size medium-size)))
 

6.53 instance XANALYS

 
(def-instance Xanalys company
   ((subsidiary-of GLOBAL-GRAPHICS-SOFTWARE)
    (has-size small-size)))
 
 

6.54 instance WINDOWS2000

 
(def-instance windows2000 operating-system)
 

6.55 instance MAC-OS

 
(def-instance mac-os operating-system)
 

6.56 instance UNIX

 
(def-instance unix operating-system)
 

6.57 instance NETSCAPE-COMMUNICATOR-BROWSER

 
(def-instance NETSCAPE-COMMUNICATOR-BROWSER web-browser)
 
 

6.58 instance WEB-ONTO

 
(def-instance WEB-ONTO web-based-editor
   ((supports-language ocml)
    (has-status released-version)
    (has-author john-domingue)
    (owned-by The-Open-University)
    (RUNS-ON-OPERATING-SYSTEM-ON-CLIENT-SIDE windows2000 unix)
    (RUNS-ON-OPERATING-SYSTEM-ON-SERVER-SIDE windows2000  unix)
    (requires-software-technology-on-server-side  kmi-web-lisp-server 
harlequin-common-lisp)
    (requires-software-technology-on-client-side 
netscape-communicator-browser java)))

7 PROJECTS

 
 
;;; Mode: Lisp; Package: ocml
 
;;; The Open University
 
(in-package "OCML")
 
(in-ontology aktive-portal-ontology)
 
 

7.1 class ACTIVITY

 
(def-class ACTIVITY (temporal-thing)
   ((has-sub-activity :type activity)
    (has-status :type activity-status)
    (uses-resource :type thing)
    (produces-output :type thing)))
 

7.2 class ACTIVITY-STATUS

 
(def-class activity-status (string))
 
 

7.3 class PROJECT

 
(def-class project (activity) ?x
   ((has-leading-organization :type organization)
    (produces-output :type (or event technology method organization
                               information-bearing-object))
    (involves-organization :type organization :min-cardinality 1)
    (has-goals :type string)
    (has-project-leader :type person)
    (has-project-member :type person :min-cardinality 1)
    (funding-source :type organization)
    (has-web-address :type URL)
    (addresses-generic-area-of-interest
     :type generic-area-of-interest)
    )
   :constraint (and (forall ?y
                       (=> (has-leading-organization ?x ?y)
                           (involves-organization ?x ?y)))
                    (forall ?y
                       (=> (has-project-leader ?x ?y)
                           (has-project-member ?x ?y)))))
 
 

7.4 relation PROJECT-INVOLVES-ORGANIZATION-UNIT

 
(def-relation PROJECT-INVOLVES-ORGANIZATION-UNIT (?p ?u)
   "It is sufficient that somebody in unit ?u works in project ?p"
   :constraint (and (project ?p)(organization-unit ?u))
   :sufficient (and (project ?p)(organization-unit ?u)
                    (has-project-member ?p ?x)
                    (works-in-unit ?x ?u)))
 
 
;;;A random example....

7.5 instance AKT-PROJECT

 
(def-instance  AKT-PROJECT project
   ((has-leading-organization university-of-southampton)
    (involves-organization the-open-university
                           university-of-edinburgh
                           university-of-sheffield
                           university-of-aberdeen
                           university-of-southampton)
    (has-project-leader nigel-shadbolt)
    (has-project-member john-domingue
                        nigel-shadbolt)
    (funding-source epsrc)
    (has-web-address "http://www.aktors.org")
    (addresses-generic-area-of-interest knowledge-management
                                        knowledge-acquisition
                                        incidental-ka
                                        semantic-web-area
                                        knowledge-retrieval
                                        knowledge-reuse
                                        information-extraction
                                        knowledge-maintenance
                                        knowledge-publishing
                                        dynamic-linking
                                        ontologies)))