1 LOAD

 
 
 
;;;Automatically translated from OCML file 
"OCML:LIBRARY;DOMAINS;AKTIVE-PORTAL-ONTOLOGY;load.lisp"
(in-package "ONTOLINGUA-USER")
 
 
 

1.1 ontology AKTIVE-PORTAL-ONTOLOGY

 
(Define-Ontology AKTIVE-PORTAL-ONTOLOGY (akt-support-ontology )
 
 
   "This is a Domain ontology, created by Enrico.
It is factorised in 7 files, DOCS, ORGANIZATIONS, EVENTS, 
RESEARCH-AREAS, TECHS, PROJECTS, NEW"
 
 
   :use (akt-support-ontology))

2 DOCS

 
 
 
;;;Automatically translated from OCML file 
#4P"OCML:LIBRARY;DOMAINS;AKTIVE-PORTAL-ONTOLOGY;docs.lisp"
(in-package "ONTOLINGUA-USER")
 
(in-ontology 'aktive-portal-ontology)
 
;;;This file deals with publications. I have reused some stuff from a 
'documents'
;;;ontology which can be found on the ontolingua server
 
 
 

2.1 frame INFORMATION-BEARING-OBJECT

 
(Define-Frame INFORMATION-BEARING-OBJECT
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   ((Documentation "This notion comes from Cyc. 
  It is useful to group 
together all
 
    information bearing entities, including video, audio and documents.
 
    An information bearing object may have an author (a generic agent)
 
    and may be owned by a legal agent. It is a tangible object")
 
    (Subclass-of tangible-thing)
 
    (Subclass-of temporal-thing))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Owned-By
 
     (slot-value-type legal-agent))
 
    (Has-Author
 
     (slot-value-type generic-agent))
 
    ))
 
 

2.2 frame ABSTRACT-INFORMATION

 
(Define-Frame ABSTRACT-INFORMATION
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   ((Documentation "Information in general, independent of an object 
in which it is encoded.
 
    Whatever is transferred in an information-transfer event.
 
    It is clearly an intangible thing")
 
    (Subclass-of intangible-thing)))
 
 

2.3 frame RECORDED-AUDIO

 
(Define-Frame RECORDED-AUDIO
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   ((Documentation "Any kind of recorded audio, which is tangible. 
This also includes a
 
    audio file on a machine")
 
    (Subclass-of information-bearing-object)))
 
 

2.4 frame RECORDED-VIDEO

 
(Define-Frame RECORDED-VIDEO
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   ((Documentation "Any kind of recorded video, which is tangible. 
This also includes (e.g.,) a mpeg
 
    video file on a machine")
 
    (Subclass-of information-bearing-object)))
 
 

2.5 frame PUBLICATION

 
(Define-Frame PUBLICATION
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   ((Documentation "A publication is something which has one or more 
publication references.
 
    A publication can be both an article in a journal or a journal itself")
 
    (Subclass-of information-bearing-object))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Has-Publication-Reference
 
     (slot-value-type publication-reference)
 
     (minimum-slot-cardinality 1))
 
    ))
 
 

2.6 frame PERIODICAL-PUBLICATION

 
(Define-Frame PERIODICAL-PUBLICATION
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   ((Documentation "This comes from the ontolingua library.
 
    A periodical-publication is published regularly, such as once
 
    every week. 
  Strictly speaking, the noun 'periodical' is used
 
    by librarians to refer to things published at intervals of greater
 
    than a day. 
  We use the phase periodical-publication to include
 
    newspapers and other daily publications, since they share many
 
    bibliographic features.")
 
    (Subclass-of publication))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Has-Periodicity
 
     (slot-value-type time-interval)
 
     (slot-cardinality 1))
 
    ))
 
 

2.7 frame JOURNAL

 
(Define-Frame JOURNAL
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of periodical-publication)))
 
 

2.8 frame MAGAZINE

 
(Define-Frame MAGAZINE
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of periodical-publication)))
 
 

2.9 frame NEWSPAPER

 
(Define-Frame NEWSPAPER
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of periodical-publication)))
 
 

2.10 axiom MUTUALLY-EXCLUSIVE-PERIODICAL-PUBLICATIONS

 
(Define-Axiom MUTUALLY-EXCLUSIVE-PERIODICAL-PUBLICATIONS
 
   := (subclass-partition periodical-publication (setof journal 
magazine newspaper)))
 
 

2.11 frame BOOK

 
(Define-Frame BOOK
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of publication))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Has-Publication-Reference
 
     (slot-value-type book-reference)
 
     (minimum-slot-cardinality 1))
 
    ))
 
 

2.12 frame EDITED-BOOK

 
(Define-Frame EDITED-BOOK
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of publication))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Has-Publication-Reference
 
     (slot-value-type edited-book-reference)
 
     (minimum-slot-cardinality 1))
 
    ))
 
 

2.13 frame PUBLICATION-REFERENCE

 
(Define-Frame PUBLICATION-REFERENCE
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   ((Documentation "Not sure whether a reference is a tangible or intangible.
 
    Open to suggestions")
 
    (Subclass-of thing))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Has-Place-Of-Publication
 
     (slot-value-type location))
 
    (Has-Date
 
     (slot-value-type calendar-date))
 
    (Has-Author
 
     (slot-value-type generic-agent))
 
    (Has-Title
 
     (slot-value-type string))
 
    ))
 
 

2.14 frame WEB-REFERENCE

 
(Define-Frame WEB-REFERENCE
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of publication-reference))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Has-Url
 
     (slot-value-type url))
 
    ))
 
 

2.15 frame URL

 
(Define-Frame URL
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   ((Documentation "A URL is a particular type of string")
 
    (Subclass-of string)))
 
 

2.16 frame BOOK-REFERENCE

 
(Define-Frame BOOK-REFERENCE
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of publication-reference))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Has-Isbn-Number
 
     (slot-value-type isbn-number))
 
    (Published-By
 
     (slot-value-type publishing-house))
 
    ))
 
 

2.17 frame EDITED-BOOK-REFERENCE

 
(Define-Frame EDITED-BOOK-REFERENCE
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of book-reference))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Edited-By
 
     (slot-value-type person))
 
    )
 
 
   :axioms
 
   ((forall (?inst34 ?value34) (=> (edited-book-reference ?inst34) 
(<=> (edited-by ?inst34 ?value34) (has-author ?inst34 ?value34))))
 
    ))
 
 

2.18 frame CONFERENCE-PROCEEDINGS-REFERENCE

 
(Define-Frame CONFERENCE-PROCEEDINGS-REFERENCE
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of publication-reference))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Published-In-Conference
 
     (slot-value-type conference))
 
    (Has-Page-Numbers
 
     (slot-value-type string))
 
    (Edited-By
 
     (slot-value-type person))
 
    )
 
 
   :axioms
 
   ((forall (?inst35 ?value35) (=> (conference-proceedings-reference 
?inst35) (<=> (edited-by ?inst35 ?value35) (has-author ?inst35 
?value35))))
 
    ))
 
 

2.19 frame WORKSHOP-PROCEEDINGS-REFERENCE

 
(Define-Frame WORKSHOP-PROCEEDINGS-REFERENCE
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of publication-reference))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Published-In-Workshop
 
     (slot-value-type workshop))
 
    (Has-Page-Numbers
 
     (slot-value-type string))
 
    (Edited-By
 
     (slot-value-type person))
 
    )
 
 
   :axioms
 
   ((forall (?inst36 ?value36) (=> (workshop-proceedings-reference 
?inst36) (<=> (edited-by ?inst36 ?value36) (has-author ?inst36 
?value36))))
 
    ))
 
 

2.20 frame ISBN-NUMBER

 
(Define-Frame ISBN-NUMBER
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of string)))
 
 

2.21 frame BOOK-SECTION-REFERENCE

 
(Define-Frame BOOK-SECTION-REFERENCE
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of publication-reference))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Section-Of-Book
 
     (slot-value-type book-reference))
 
    (Has-Page-Numbers
 
     (slot-value-type string))
 
    ))
 
 

2.22 frame ARTICLE-REFERENCE

 
(Define-Frame ARTICLE-REFERENCE
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of publication-reference))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Issue-Volume
 
     (slot-value-type integer))
 
    (Issue-Number
 
     (slot-value-type integer))
 
    (Article-Of-Journal
 
     (slot-value-type journal))
 
    (Has-Page-Numbers
 
     (slot-value-type string))
 
    ))
 
 

2.23 frame PROCEEDINGS-PAPER-REFERENCE

 
(Define-Frame PROCEEDINGS-PAPER-REFERENCE
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of publication-reference))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Paper-In-Proceedings
 
     (slot-value-type conference-proceedings-reference))
 
    (Has-Page-Numbers
 
     (slot-value-type string))
 
    ))
 
 

2.24 frame THESIS-REFERENCE

 
(Define-Frame THESIS-REFERENCE
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of publication-reference))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Institute-Of-Thesis
 
     (slot-value-type academic-unit))
 
    (Degree-Of-Thesis
 
     (slot-value-type academic-degree))
 
    ))
 
 

2.25 frame TECHNICAL-REPORT-REFERENCE

 
(Define-Frame TECHNICAL-REPORT-REFERENCE
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of publication-reference))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Has-Tech-Report-Number
 
     (slot-value-type integer))
 
    (Published-By
 
     (slot-value-type organization))
 
    ))

3 ORGANIZATIONS

 
 
 
;;;Automatically translated from OCML file 
#4P"OCML:LIBRARY;DOMAINS;AKTIVE-PORTAL-ONTOLOGY;organizations.lisp"
(in-package "ONTOLINGUA-USER")
 
(in-ontology 'aktive-portal-ontology)
 
 

3.1 frame GENERIC-AGENT

 
(Define-Frame GENERIC-AGENT
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   ((Documentation "This is a generic notion, an agent can be an 
organization, a person
 
    an animal, a software agent, etc")
 
    (Subclass-of temporal-thing)))
 
 

3.2 frame LEGAL-AGENT

 
(Define-Frame LEGAL-AGENT
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   ((Documentation "Some agents have legal status: definitely 
organizations and people,
 
    anybody else?")
 
    (Subclass-of generic-agent)))
 
 

3.3 frame ORGANIZATION

 
(Define-Frame ORGANIZATION
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   ((Documentation "An organization is a type of legal agent")
 
    (Subclass-of legal-agent))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Has-Size
 
     (slot-value-type organization-size)
 
     (slot-cardinality 1))
 
    (Headed-By
 
     (slot-value-type affiliated-person))
 
    (Has-Sub-Unit
 
     (slot-value-type organization-unit))
 
    (Organization-Part-Of
 
     (slot-value-type organization))
 
    (Affiliated-People
 
     (slot-value-type affiliated-person))
 
    (Has-Address
 
     (slot-value-type postal-address))
 
    (Has-Web-Address
 
     (slot-value-type url))
 
    ))
 
 

3.4 frame ORGANIZATION-SIZE

 
(Define-Frame ORGANIZATION-SIZE
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of intangible-thing)))
 
 

3.5 individual VERY-LARGE-SIZE

 
(Define-Individual VERY-LARGE-SIZE (organization-size)
 
   )
 
 

3.6 individual LARGE-SIZE

 
(Define-Individual LARGE-SIZE (organization-size)
 
   )
 
 

3.7 individual MEDIUM-SIZE

 
(Define-Individual MEDIUM-SIZE (organization-size)
 
   )
 
 

3.8 individual SMALL-SIZE

 
(Define-Individual SMALL-SIZE (organization-size)
 
   )
 
 

3.9 individual MICRO-SIZE

 
(Define-Individual MICRO-SIZE (organization-size)
 
   )
 
 

3.10 frame SMALL-OR-MEDIUM-SIZED-ORGANIZATION

 
(Define-Frame SMALL-OR-MEDIUM-SIZED-ORGANIZATION
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   ((Documentation "SME are important, so we define a class to 
represent them explicitly.
 
    In some case we might not know or we do not want to bother specifying
 
    excatly whether something is a small-organization or a medium-organization.
 
    Hence, we can just say 'x is a SME' without going into further detail")
 
    (Subclass-of organization))
 
 
   :axioms
 
   ((<=> (and (organization ?x) (has-size ?x ?size) (member ?size 
'(micro-size small-size medium-size))) 
(small-or-medium-sized-organization ?x))
 
    ))
 
 

3.11 frame ORGANIZATION-UNIT

 
(Define-Frame ORGANIZATION-UNIT
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   ((Documentation "An organization may have a number of units. Units 
may themselves have sub-units")
 
    (Subclass-of generic-agent))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Headed-By
 
     (slot-value-type affiliated-person))
 
    (Has-Sub-Unit
 
     (slot-value-type organization-unit))
 
    (Sub-Unit-Of-Organization-Unit
 
     (slot-value-type organization-unit))
 
    (Unit-Of-Organization
 
     (slot-value-type organization))
 
    (Affiliated-People
 
     (slot-value-type affiliated-person))
 
    (Has-Size
 
     (slot-value-type organization-size))
 
    (Has-Address
 
     (slot-value-type postal-address))
 
    (Has-Web-Address
 
     (slot-value-type url))
 
    ))
 
 

3.12 axiom UNIT-OF-ORGANIZATION-IS-TRANSITIVE

 
(Define-Axiom UNIT-OF-ORGANIZATION-IS-TRANSITIVE
 
   :=
 
   (=> (And
 
        (sub-unit-of-organization-unit ?u ?u-super)
 
        (unit-of-organization ?u-super ?o))
 
       (unit-of-organization ?u ?o)
 
       ))
 
 

3.13 frame NON-PROFIT-ORGANIZATION

 
(Define-Frame NON-PROFIT-ORGANIZATION
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of organization)))
 
 

3.14 frame PROFIT-ORGANIZATION

 
(Define-Frame PROFIT-ORGANIZATION
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of organization))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   
 ((Subsidiary-Of
 
     (slot-value-type profit-organization))
 
    ))
 
 

3.15 frame PARTNERSHIP

 
(Define-Frame PARTNERSHIP
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   ((Documentation "A partnership is not necessarily a company, e.g. a 
consultancy firm is
 
    not a company")
 
    (Subclass-of profit-organization)))
 
 

3.16 frame COMPANY

 
(Define-Frame COMPANY
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of profit-organization)))
 
 

3.17 frame PRIVATE-COMPANY

 
(Define-Frame PRIVATE-COMPANY
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of company)))
 
 

3.18 frame PUBLIC-COMPANY

 
(Define-Frame PUBLIC-COMPANY
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of company)))
 
 

3.19 frame INDUSTRIAL-ORGANIZATION

 
(Define-Frame INDUSTRIAL-ORGANIZATION
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of profit-organization)))
 
 

3.20 frame GOVERNMENT-ORGANIZATION

 
(Define-Frame GOVERNMENT-ORGANIZATION
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of non-profit-organization)))
 
 

3.21 frame CIVIL-SERVICE

 
(Define-Frame CIVIL-SERVICE
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of government-organization)))
 
 

3.22 frame GOVERNMENT

 
(Define-Frame GOVERNMENT
 
 
   
 :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of government-organization))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Government-Of-Country
 
     (slot-value-type country))
 
    ))
 
 

3.23 frame CHARITABLE-ORGANIZATION

 
(Define-Frame CHARITABLE-ORGANIZATION
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of non-profit-organization)))
 
 

3.24 frame LEARNING-CENTRED-ORGANIZATION

 
(Define-Frame LEARNING-CENTRED-ORGANIZATION
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of organization)))
 
 

3.25 frame R&D-INSTITUTE

 
(Define-Frame R&D-INSTITUTE
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of learning-centred-organization)))
 
 

3.26 frame R&D-INSTITUTE-WITHIN-LARGER-ORGANIZATION

 
(Define-Frame R&D-INSTITUTE-WITHIN-LARGER-ORGANIZATION
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of r&d-institute)
 
    (Subclass-of organization-unit)))
 
 

3.27 frame EDUCATIONAL-ORGANIZATION

 
(Define-Frame EDUCATIONAL-ORGANIZATION
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of learning-centred-organization)))
 
 

3.28 frame HIGHER-EDUCATIONAL-ORGANIZATION

 
(Define-Frame HIGHER-EDUCATIONAL-ORGANIZATION
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of educational-organization))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Has-Support-Unit
 
     (slot-value-type academic-support-unit))
 
    (Has-Academic-Unit
 
     (slot-value-type academic-unit))
 
    ))
 
 

3.29 axiom HAS-ACADEMIC-UNIT-IMPLIES-HAS-ORGANIZATION-UNIT

 
(Define-Axiom HAS-ACADEMIC-UNIT-IMPLIES-HAS-ORGANIZATION-UNIT
 
   :=
 
   (=> (has-academic-unit ?x ?y)
 
       (has-sub-unit ?x ?y)
 
       ))
 
 

3.30 axiom HAS-SUPPORT-UNIT-IMPLIES-HAS-ORGANIZATION-UNIT

 
(Define-Axiom HAS-SUPPORT-UNIT-IMPLIES-HAS-ORGANIZATION-UNIT
 
   :=
 
   (=> (has-support-unit ?x ?y)
 
       (has-sub-unit ?x ?y)
 
       ))
 
 

3.31 frame UNIVERSITY

 
(Define-Frame UNIVERSITY
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of higher-educational-organization))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Has-Vice-Chancellor
 
     (slot-value-type educational-employee))
 
    (Has-Faculty
 
     (slot-value-type university-faculty))
 
    )
 
 
   :axioms
 
   ((forall (?inst64 ?value64) (=> (university ?inst64) (<=> 
(has-vice-chancellor ?inst64 ?value64) (headed-by ?inst64 ?value64))))
 
    ))
 
 

3.32 frame DISTANCE-TEACHING-UNIVERSITY

 
(Define-Frame DISTANCE-TEACHING-UNIVERSITY
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of university)))
 
 

3.33 frame SCHOOL

 
(Define-Frame SCHOOL
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of educational-organization)))
 
 

3.34 frame ACADEMIC-UNIT

 
(Define-Frame ACADEMIC-UNIT
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of organization-unit))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Has-Size
 
     (documentation "By default academic units are small organizations")
 
     (default-slot-value small-size))
 
    (Unit-Of-Organization
 
     (slot-value-type university))
 
    ))
 
 

3.35 frame UNIVERSITY-FACULTY

 
(Define-Frame UNIVERSITY-FACULTY
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of academic-unit)))
 
 

3.36 frame ACADEMIC-SUPPORT-UNIT

 
(Define-Frame ACADEMIC-SUPPORT-UNIT
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of organization-unit)))
 
 

3.37 frame PUBLISHING-HOUSE

 
(Define-Frame PUBLISHING-HOUSE
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of organization)))
 
 

3.38 frame LOCATION

 
(Define-Frame LOCATION
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   ((Documentation "A generic class for locations. 
  It includes both real and
 
    fantastic places")
 
    (Subclass-of thing)))
 
 

3.39 frame GEOGRAPHICAL-REGION

 
(Define-Frame GEOGRAPHICAL-REGION
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   ((Documentation "'Real' geographical regions")
 
    (Subclass-of tangible-thing)
 
    (Subclass-of location)))
 
 

3.40 frame GEOPOLITICAL-ENTITY

 
(Define-Frame GEOPOLITICAL-ENTITY
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   ((Documentation "For instance, Russia, Italy, The-city-of-Messina, etc..")
 
    (Subclass-of geographical-region)
 
    (Subclass-of generic-agent)))
 
 

3.41 frame COUNTRY

 
(Define-Frame COUNTRY
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of geopolitical-entity))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Has-Government
 
     (slot-value-type government))
 
    (Has-Currency
 
     (slot-value-type currency))
 
    (Has-Capital
 
     (slot-value-type capital-city))
 
    ))
 
 

3.42 frame CURRENCY

 
(Define-Frame CURRENCY
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of information-bearing-object))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Issued-By
 
     (slot-value-type government))
 
    ))
 
 

3.43 frame AMOUNT-OF-MONEY

 
(Define-Frame AMOUNT-OF-MONEY
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   
 (
 
    (Subclass-of quantity))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Has-Amount
 
     (slot-value-type number))
 
    (Has-Unit-Of-Measure
 
     (slot-value-type currency))
 
    )
 
 
   :axioms
 
   ((forall (?inst76 ?value76) (=> (amount-of-money ?inst76) (<=> 
(has-amount ?inst76 ?value76) (has-magnitude ?inst76 ?value76))))
 
    ))
 
 

3.44 frame MUNICIPAL-UNIT

 
(Define-Frame MUNICIPAL-UNIT
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of geopolitical-entity)))
 
 

3.45 frame CITY

 
(Define-Frame CITY
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of municipal-unit)))
 
 

3.46 frame CAPITAL-CITY

 
(Define-Frame CAPITAL-CITY
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of city))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Is-Capital-Of
 
     (slot-value-type country))
 
    ))
 
 

3.47 axiom CONSISTENCY-BETWEEN-COUNTRIES-AND-CAPITAL-CITIES

 
(Define-Axiom CONSISTENCY-BETWEEN-COUNTRIES-AND-CAPITAL-CITIES
 
   := (<=> (is-capital-of ?city ?country) (has-capital ?country ?city)))
 
 

3.48 frame VILLAGE

 
(Define-Frame VILLAGE
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of municipal-unit)))
 
 

3.49 frame LOCAL-DISTRICT

 
(Define-Frame LOCAL-DISTRICT
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of geopolitical-entity)))
 
 

3.50 frame ADDRESS

 
(Define-Frame ADDRESS
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   ((Documentation "A generic class for addresses, whether email or postal.
 
    Is an address a tangible thing or an intangible thing?")
 
    (Subclass-of thing)))
 
 

3.51 frame POSTAL-ADDRESS

 
(Define-Frame POSTAL-ADDRESS
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of address))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Address-Country
 
     (slot-value-type country))
 
    (Address-Region
 
     (slot-value-type geographical-region))
 
    (Address-Postcode
 
     (slot-value-type string))
 
    (Address-City-Or-Village
 
     (slot-value-type municipal-unit))
 
    (Address-Building
 
     (slot-value-type string))
 
    (Address-Number
 
   
   (slot-value-type integer))
 
    (Address-Area
 
     (slot-value-type local-district))
 
    (Address-Street
 
     (slot-value-type string))
 
    ))
 
 

3.52 frame EMAIL-ADDRESS

 
(Define-Frame EMAIL-ADDRESS
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of string)
 
    (Subclass-of address)))
 
 

3.53 frame PERSON

 
(Define-Frame PERSON
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of legal-agent))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Has-Appellation
 
     (slot-value-type appellation))
 
    (Has-Email-Address
 
     (slot-value-type email-address))
 
    (Has-Web-Address
 
     (slot-value-type url))
 
    (Has-Postal-Address
 
     (slot-value-type postal-address))
 
    (Has-Gender
 
     (slot-value-type gender))
 
    (Full-Name
 
     (slot-value-type string))
 
    ))
 
 

3.54 frame APPELLATION

 
(Define-Frame APPELLATION
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of intangible-thing)))
 
 

3.55 individual DR

 
(Define-Individual DR (appellation)
 
   )
 
 

3.56 individual MR

 
(Define-Individual MR (appellation)
 
   )
 
 

3.57 individual MS

 
(Define-Individual MS (appellation)
 
   )
 
 

3.58 individual MISS

 
(Define-Individual MISS (appellation)
 
   )
 
 

3.59 individual PROF

 
(Define-Individual PROF (appellation)
 
   )
 
 

3.60 individual MRS

 
(Define-Individual MRS (appellation)
 
   )
 
 

3.61 individual SIR

 
(Define-Individual SIR (appellation)
 
   )
 
 

3.62 individual LADY

 
(Define-Individual LADY (appellation)
 
   )
 
 

3.63 frame GENDER

 
(Define-Frame GENDER
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   ((Documentation "HPKB says that genders are intangible..Uhm...")
 
    (Subclass-of intangible-thing))
 
 
   :axioms
 
   ((<=> (element-of ?x (set-of male-gender female-gender)) (gender ?x))
 
    ))
 
 

3.64 individual MALE-GENDER

 
(Define-Individual MALE-GENDER (gender)
 
   )
 
 

3.65 individual FEMALE-GENDER

 
(Define-Individual FEMALE-GENDER (gender)
 
   )
 
 

3.66 frame AFFILIATED-PERSON

 
(Define-Frame AFFILIATED-PERSON
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of person))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Has-Affiliation
 
     (minimum-slot-cardinality 1)
 
     (slot-value-type organization))
 
    ))
 
 

3.67 frame WORKING-PERSON

 
(Define-Frame WORKING-PERSON
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of person))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Has-Work-Status
 
     (slot-value-type work-status))
 
    ))
 
 

3.68 frame WORK-STATUS

 
(Define-Frame WORK-STATUS
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   
 (
 
    (Subclass-of intangible-thing)))
 
 

3.69 individual FULL-TIME

 
(Define-Individual FULL-TIME (work-status)
 
   )
 
 

3.70 individual PART-TIME

 
(Define-Individual PART-TIME (work-status)
 
   )
 
 

3.71 frame SELF-EMPLOYED-PERSON

 
(Define-Frame SELF-EMPLOYED-PERSON
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of working-person)))
 
 

3.72 frame EMPLOYEE

 
(Define-Frame EMPLOYEE
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of affiliated-person)
 
    (Subclass-of working-person))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Has-Job-Title
 
     (slot-value-type string))
 
    (Works-In-Unit
 
     (slot-value-type organization-unit))
 
    (Works-For
 
     (slot-value-type organization))
 
    )
 
 
   :axioms
 
   ((=> (employee ?x) (forall (?u ?o) (=> (and (works-in-unit ?x ?u) 
(works-for ?x ?o)) (unit-of-organization ?u ?o))))
 
    (forall (?x ?value89) (=> (employee ?x) (<=> (works-for ?x 
?value89) (has-affiliation ?x ?value89))))
 
    ))
 
 

3.73 frame EDUCATIONAL-EMPLOYEE

 
(Define-Frame EDUCATIONAL-EMPLOYEE
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   
 (
 
    (Subclass-of employee))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Works-For
 
     (slot-value-type educational-organization)
 
     (minimum-slot-cardinality 1))
 
    )
 
 
   :axioms
 
   ((<=> (and (works-for ?x ?y) (educational-organization ?y)) 
(educational-employee ?x))
 
    ))
 
 

3.74 frame STUDENT

 
(Define-Frame STUDENT
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of affiliated-person))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Has-Affiliation
 
     (minimum-slot-cardinality 1)
 
     (slot-value-type educational-organization))
 
    ))
 
 

3.75 frame ACADEMIC

 
(Define-Frame ACADEMIC
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of educational-employee))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Has-Research-Interest
 
     (slot-value-type research-area))
 
    (Works-For
 
     (slot-value-type higher-educational-organization))
 
    ))
 
 

3.76 frame RESEARCHER

 
(Define-Frame RESEARCHER
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of working-person))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Has-Research-Interest
 
     (slot-value-type research-area))
 
    ))
 
 

3.77 frame RESEARCHER-IN-ACADEMIA

 
(Define-Frame RESEARCHER-IN-ACADEMIA
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of academic)
 
    (Subclass-of researcher)))
 
 

3.78 frame RESEARCH-FELLOW-IN-ACADEMIA

 
(Define-Frame RESEARCH-FELLOW-IN-ACADEMIA
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of researcher-in-academia)))
 
 

3.79 frame SENIOR-RESEARCH-FELLOW-IN-ACADEMIA

 
(Define-Frame SENIOR-RESEARCH-FELLOW-IN-ACADEMIA
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of researcher-in-academia)))
 
 

3.80 frame RESEARCH-ASSISTANT-IN-ACADEMIA

 
(Define-Frame RESEARCH-ASSISTANT-IN-ACADEMIA
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of researcher-in-academia)))
 
 

3.81 frame LECTURER-IN-ACADEMIA

 
(Define-Frame LECTURER-IN-ACADEMIA
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of academic)))
 
 

3.82 frame SENIOR-LECTURER-IN-ACADEMIA

 
(Define-Frame SENIOR-LECTURER-IN-ACADEMIA
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of academic)))
 
 

3.83 frame PROFESSOR-IN-ACADEMIA

 
(Define-Frame PROFESSOR-IN-ACADEMIA
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of academic)))
 
 

3.84 frame READER-IN-ACADEMIA

 
(Define-Frame READER-IN-ACADEMIA
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of academic)))
 
 

3.85 individual THE-OPEN-UNIVERSITY

 
(Define-Individual THE-OPEN-UNIVERSITY (distance-teaching-university)
 
   :axiom-def
 
   (And (Has-Web-Address the-open-university "http://www.open.ac.uk")
 
        (Has-Sub-Unit the-open-university knowledge-media-institute)
 
        (Has-Size the-open-university large-size)
 
        ))
 
 

3.86 individual UNIVERSITY-OF-SOUTHAMPTON

 
(Define-Individual UNIVERSITY-OF-SOUTHAMPTON (university)
 
   :axiom-def
 
   (And (Has-Web-Address university-of-southampton "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk")
 
        (Has-Academic-Unit university-of-southampton 
dept-of-electronics-and-computer-science-at-southampton)
 
        (Has-Size university-of-southampton large-size)
 
        ))
 
 

3.87 individual UNIVERSITY-OF-EDINBURGH

 
(Define-Individual UNIVERSITY-OF-EDINBURGH (university)
 
   :axiom-def
 
   (And (Has-Size university-of-edinburgh large-size)
 
        (Has-Web-Address university-of-edinburgh "http://www.ed.ac.uk/")
 
        (Has-Academic-Unit university-of-edinburgh 
division-of-informatics-at-edinburgh)
 
        ))
 
 

3.88 individual UNIVERSITY-OF-SHEFFIELD

 
(Define-Individual UNIVERSITY-OF-SHEFFIELD (university)
 
   :axiom-def
 
   (And (Has-Web-Address university-of-sheffield "http://www.shef.ac.uk")
 
        (Has-Academic-Unit university-of-sheffield 
dept-of-computer-science-at-sheffield)
 
        (Has-Size university-of-sheffield large-size)
 
        ))
 
 

3.89 individual UNIVERSITY-OF-ABERDEEN

 
(Define-Individual UNIVERSITY-OF-ABERDEEN (university)
 
   :axiom-def
 
   (And (Has-Size university-of-aberdeen large-size)
 
        (Has-Web-Address university-of-aberdeen "http://www.abdn.ac.uk/")
 
        (Has-Academic-Unit university-of-aberdeen 
dept-of-computing-science-at-aberdeen)
 
        ))
 
 

3.90 individual EPSRC

 
(Define-Individual EPSRC (non-profit-organization)
 
   :axiom-def
 
   (Has-Size epsrc small-size)
 
   )
 
 

3.91 individual DEPT-OF-COMPUTING-SCIENCE-AT-ABERDEEN

 
(Define-Individual DEPT-OF-COMPUTING-SCIENCE-AT-ABERDEEN (academic-unit)
 
   :axiom-def
 
   (And (Has-Web-Address dept-of-computing-science-at-aberdeen 
"http://www.csd.abdn.ac.uk/")
 
        (Unit-Of-Organization dept-of-computing-science-at-aberdeen 
university-of-aberdeen)
 
        ))
 
 

3.92 individual DEPT-OF-COMPUTER-SCIENCE-AT-SHEFFIELD

 
(Define-Individual DEPT-OF-COMPUTER-SCIENCE-AT-SHEFFIELD (academic-unit)
 
   :axiom-def
 
   (And (Has-Web-Address dept-of-computer-science-at-sheffield 
"http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk")
 
        (Unit-Of-Organization dept-of-computer-science-at-sheffield 
university-of-sheffield)
 
        ))
 
 

3.93 individual KNOWLEDGE-MEDIA-INSTITUTE

 
(Define-Individual KNOWLEDGE-MEDIA-INSTITUTE 
(r&d-institute-within-larger-organization)
 
   :axiom-def
 
   (And (Has-Web-Address knowledge-media-institute "http://kmi.open.ac.uk")
 
        (Has-Size knowledge-media-institute small-size)
 
        (Unit-Of-Organization knowledge-media-institute the-open-university)
 
        ))
 
 

3.94 individual FACULTY-OF-SCIENCE-AND-ENGINEERING-AT-EDINBURGH

 
(Define-Individual FACULTY-OF-SCIENCE-AND-ENGINEERING-AT-EDINBURGH 
(university-faculty)
 
   :axiom-def
 
   (Unit-Of-Organization 
faculty-of-science-and-engineering-at-edinburgh 
university-of-edinburgh)
 
   )
 
 

3.95 individual DIVISION-OF-INFORMATICS-AT-EDINBURGH

 
(Define-Individual DIVISION-OF-INFORMATICS-AT-EDINBURGH (academic-unit)
 
   :axiom-def
 
   (And (Has-Web-Address division-of-informatics-at-edinburgh 
"http://www.informatics.ed.ac.uk/")
 
        (Sub-Unit-Of-Organization-Unit 
division-of-informatics-at-edinburgh 
faculty-of-science-and-engineering-at-edinburgh)
 
        (Unit-Of-Organization division-of-informatics-at-edinburgh 
university-of-edinburgh)
 
        ))
 
 

3.96 individual DEPT-OF-ELECTRONICS-AND-COMPUTER-SCIENCE-AT-SOUTHAMPTON

 
(Define-Individual 
DEPT-OF-ELECTRONICS-AND-COMPUTER-SCIENCE-AT-SOUTHAMPTON 
(academic-unit)
 
   :axiom-def
 
   (Unit-Of-Organization 
dept-of-electronics-and-computer-science-at-southampton 
university-of-southampton)
 
   )
 
 

3.97 individual JOHN-DOMINGUE

 
(Define-Individual JOHN-DOMINGUE (senior-research-fellow-in-academia)
 
   :axiom-def
 
   (And (Has-Research-Interest john-domingue e-commerce-research-area)
 
        (Has-Research-Interest john-domingue software-visualization)
 
        (Has-Research-Interest john-domingue knowledge-management)
 
        (Has-Research-Interest john-domingue organizational-learning)
 
        (Works-For john-domingue the-open-university)
 
        (Works-In-Unit john-domingue knowledge-media-institute)
 
        (Has-Job-Title john-domingue "deputy director, knowledge media 
institute")
 
        (Has-Work-Status john-domingue full-time)
 
        (Has-Appellation john-domingue dr)
 
        (Has-Email-Address john-domingue "j.b.domingue@open.ac.uk")
 
        (Has-Web-Address john-domingue "http://kmi.open.ac.uk/people/john")
 
        (Has-Gender john-domingue male-gender)
 
        (Full-Name john-domingue "john domingue")
 
        ))
 
 

3.98 individual NIGEL-SHADBOLT

 
(Define-Individual NIGEL-SHADBOLT (professor-in-academia)
 
   "What does 'R.' stand for in 'Nigel R. Shadbolt'?"
 
   :axiom-def
 
   (And (Has-Research-Interest nigel-shadbolt knowledge-acquisition)
 
        (Has-Research-Interest nigel-shadbolt knowledge-management)
 
        (Works-For nigel-shadbolt university-of-southampton)
 
        (Works-In-Unit nigel-shadbolt 
dept-of-electronics-and-computer-science-at-southampton)
 
        (Has-Job-Title nigel-shadbolt "professor of knowledge something")
 
        (Has-Work-Status nigel-shadbolt full-time)
 
        (Has-Appellation nigel-shadbolt prof)
 
        (Has-Email-Address nigel-shadbolt "nrs@ecs.soton.ac.uk")
 
        (Has-Web-Address nigel-shadbolt "http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~nrs/")
 
        (Has-Gender nigel-shadbolt male-gender)
 
        (Full-Name nigel-shadbolt "nigel rodriguez shadbolt")
 
        ))

4 EVENTS

 
 
 
;;;Automatically translated from OCML file 
#4P"OCML:LIBRARY;DOMAINS;AKTIVE-PORTAL-ONTOLOGY;events.lisp"
(in-package "ONTOLINGUA-USER")
 
(in-ontology 'aktive-portal-ontology)
 
;;;A simple, initial ontology for events. 
  We use some of Roger 
Schank's categories
;;;to give some kind of top-level structuring
 
 
 

4.1 frame EVENT

 
(Define-Frame EVENT
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   ((Documentation "This is a minimalist definition of class event. 
We start with the very basic
 
    and we will then add slots as we specialise this definition for 
specific classes of events.
 
    The fillers of slots has-other-agents-involved and has-main-agent should not
 
    intersect")
 
    (Subclass-of temporal-thing))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Has-Location
 
     (documentation "The location at which an event takes place")
 
     (slot-value-type location))
 
    (Has-Sub-Event
 
     (slot-value-type event))
 
    (Has-Other-Agents-Involved
 
     (documentation "Other agents involved in the event")
 
     (slot-value-type generic-agent))
 
    (Has-Main-Agent
 
     (documentation "The agents causing the event to happen, if they 
are known.")
 
     (slot-value-type generic-agent))
 
    )
 
 
   :axioms
 
   ((=> (event ?x) (not (exists ?a (and (has-main-agent ?x ?a) 
(has-other-agents-involved ?x ?a)))))
 
    ))
 
 

4.2 frame EVENT-INVOLVING-PRODUCTION

 
(Define-Frame EVENT-INVOLVING-PRODUCTION
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   ((Documentation "When something is produced")
 
    (Subclass-of event))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Event-Product
 
     (slot-value-type individual))
 
    ))
 
 

4.3 frame EVENT-INVOLVING-MOVEMENT

 
(Define-Frame EVENT-INVOLVING-MOVEMENT
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   ((Documentation "This is an event in which the main agent (plus maybe others)
 
    goes from some place to another")
 
    (Subclass-of event))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Means-Of-Transport-Used
 
     (slot-value-type generalised-means-of-transport))
 
    (Location-At-End
 
     (maximum-slot-cardinality 1)
 
     (slot-value-type location))
 
    (Location-At-Start
 
     (maximum-slot-cardinality 1)
 
     (slot-value-type location))
 
    )
 
 
   :axioms
 
   ((forall (?inst102 ?value102) (=> (event-involving-movement 
?inst102) (<=> (location-at-start ?inst102 ?value102) (has-location 
?inst102 ?value102))))
 
    ))
 
 

4.4 frame GENERALIZED-TRANSFER

 
(Define-Frame GENERALIZED-TRANSFER
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   ((Documentation "An event in which the main agent transfers 
something (the thing-acted-on, tangible or intangible)
 
    to one or more recipient agents.
 
    Note that we do not say anything about whether the original agent 
still retain
 
    the thing-acted-on. 
  In some cases this is clearly true ('I pass 
my wisdom on to my daughter'),
 
    in other cases it is not (I give you my wallet).")
 
    (Subclass-of event-involving-movement))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Recipient-Agents
 
     (documentation "The agents which receive the thing-acted-on")
 
     (slot-value-type generic-agent))
 
    (Thing-Acted-On
 
     (documentation "What is being transferred")
 
     (slot-value-type individual))
 
    )
 
 
   :axioms
 
   ((forall (?inst103 ?value103) (=> (generalized-transfer ?inst103) 
(<=> (recipient-agents ?inst103 ?value103) (has-other-agents-involved 
?inst103 ?value103))))
 
    ))
 
 

4.5 frame INFORMATION-TRANSFER-EVENT

 
(Define-Frame INFORMATION-TRANSFER-EVENT
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   ((Documentation "A generalized transfer in which information is 
passed from main agent to one or more
 
    recipient agents. 
  Examples include giving a tutorial.")
 
    (Subclass-of generalized-transfer))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Information-Transfer-Medium-Used
 
     (slot-value-type information-transfer-medium))
 
    (Information-Object-Being-Transferred
 
     (slot-value-type information-bearing-object))
 
    (Information-Being-Transferred
 
     (slot-value-type abstract-information))
 
    (Sender-Of-Information
 
     (slot-value-type generic-agent))
 
    )
 
 
   :axioms
 
   ((forall (?inst104 ?value104) (=> (information-transfer-event 
?inst104) (<=> (sender-of-information ?inst104 ?value104) 
(has-main-agent ?inst104 ?value104))))
 
    (forall (?inst104 ?value104) (=> (information-transfer-event 
?inst104) (<=> (information-being-transferred ?inst104 ?value104) 
(thing-acted-on ?inst104 ?value104))))
 
    (forall (?inst104 ?value104) (=> (information-transfer-event 
?inst104) (<=> (information-transfer-medium-used ?inst104 ?value104) 
(means-of-transport-used ?inst104 ?value104))))
 
    ))
 
 

4.6 frame GENERALISED-MEANS-OF-TRANSPORT

 
(Define-Frame GENERALISED-MEANS-OF-TRANSPORT
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   ((Documentation "This is a generic class to catch all sorts of 
borderline and metaphorical
 
    ways to carry things from A to B")
 
    (Subclass-of thing)))
 
 

4.7 frame TRANSPORTATION-DEVICE

 
(Define-Frame TRANSPORTATION-DEVICE
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   ((Documentation "Something tangible designed to transport people, 
animals, objects from A to B.
 
    For instance a bycicle, a car, a boat, etc.")
 
    (Subclass-of generalised-means-of-transport)
 
    (Subclass-of tangible-thing)))
 
 

4.8 frame INFORMATION-TRANSFER-MEDIUM

 
(Define-Frame INFORMATION-TRANSFER-MEDIUM
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of generalised-means-of-transport)))
 
 

4.9 individual EMAIL-MEDIUM

 
(Define-Individual EMAIL-MEDIUM (information-transfer-medium)
 
   )
 
 

4.10 frame MESSAGE

 
(Define-Frame MESSAGE
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of information-bearing-object))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Time-Of-Message
 
     (slot-value-type time-point))
 
    (Recipient-Of-Message
 
     (slot-value-type generic-agent))
 
    (Sender-Of-Message
 
     (slot-value-type generic-agent))
 
    ))
 
 

4.11 frame LETTER

 
(Define-Frame LETTER
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of message)))
 
 

4.12 frame EMAIL-MESSAGE

 
(Define-Frame EMAIL-MESSAGE
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of message)))
 
 

4.13 frame SENDING-AN-EMAIL

 
(Define-Frame SENDING-AN-EMAIL
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   ((Documentation "a generalized transfer in which information is 
passed from main agent to one or more
 
    recipient agents. 
  examples include giving a tutorial.")
 
    (Subclass-of information-transfer-event))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Information-Transfer-Medium-Used
 
     (slot-value email-medium))
 
    (Information-Object-Being-Transferred
 
     (slot-value-type email-message))
 
    (Sender-Of-Information
 
     (slot-value-type generic-agent))
 
    ))
 
 

4.14 frame SOCIAL-GATHERING

 
(Define-Frame SOCIAL-GATHERING
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of event)))
 
 

4.15 frame MEETING-TAKING-PLACE

 
(Define-Frame MEETING-TAKING-PLACE
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of social-gathering))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Meeting-Organizer
 
     (slot-value-type person))
 
    (Meeting-Attendees
 
     (slot-value-type person))
 
    )
 
 
   :axioms
 
   ((forall (?inst113 ?value113) (=> (meeting-taking-place ?inst113) 
(<=> (meeting-organizer ?inst113 ?value113) (has-main-agent ?inst113 
?value113))))
 
    (forall (?inst113 ?value113) (=> (meeting-taking-place ?inst113) 
(<=> (meeting-attendees ?inst113 ?value113) 
(has-other-agents-involved ?inst113 ?value113))))
 
    ))
 
 

4.16 frame PUBLICATION-TYPE-EVENT

 
(Define-Frame PUBLICATION-TYPE-EVENT
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of event-involving-production))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Event-Product
 
     (slot-value-type publication))
 
    ))
 
 

4.17 frame CONFERENCE

 
(Define-Frame CONFERENCE
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of meeting-taking-place)
 
    (Subclass-of publication-type-event))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Published-Proceedings
 
     (slot-value-type conference-proceedings-reference))
 
    )
 
 
   :axioms
 
   ((forall (?inst115 ?value115) (=> (conference ?inst115) (<=> 
(published-proceedings ?inst115 ?value115) (event-product ?inst115 
?value115))))
 
    ))
 
 

4.18 frame WORKSHOP

 
(Define-Frame WORKSHOP
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of meeting-taking-place)
 
    (Subclass-of publication-type-event))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Published-Proceedings
 
     (slot-value-type workshop-proceedings-reference))
 
    )
 
 
   :axioms
 
   ((forall (?inst116 ?value116) (=> (workshop ?inst116) (<=> 
(published-proceedings ?inst116 ?value116) (event-product ?inst116 
?value116))))
 
    ))
 
 

4.19 frame BOOK-PUBLISHING

 
(Define-Frame BOOK-PUBLISHING
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of publication-type-event))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Published-Book
 
     (slot-value-type book))
 
    )
 
 
   :axioms
 
   ((forall (?inst117 ?value117) (=> (book-publishing ?inst117) (<=> 
(published-book ?inst117 ?value117) (event-product ?inst117 
?value117))))
 
    ))
 
 

4.20 frame CONFERRING-AN-AWARD

 
(Define-Frame CONFERRING-AN-AWARD
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of generalized-transfer))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   
 ((Confers-Award
 
     (slot-value-type award))
 
    (Has-Award-Rationale
 
     (slot-value-type string))
 
    (Has-Awarding-Body
 
     (slot-value-type awarding-body))
 
    )
 
 
   :axioms
 
   ((forall (?inst118 ?value118) (=> (conferring-an-award ?inst118) 
(<=> (has-awarding-body ?inst118 ?value118) (has-main-agent ?inst118 
?value118))))
 
    (forall (?inst118 ?value118) (=> (conferring-an-award ?inst118) 
(<=> (confers-award ?inst118 ?value118) (thing-acted-on ?inst118 
?value118))))
 
    ))
 
 

4.21 frame AWARDING-BODY

 
(Define-Frame AWARDING-BODY
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   ((Documentation "Typically this is an individual or an organization")
 
    (Subclass-of legal-agent)))
 
 

4.22 frame AWARD

 
(Define-Frame AWARD
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   ((Documentation "An award is an intangible thing, even if the
 
    piece of paper which is often associated with an award is
 
    tangible. 
  What about the virtual piece of paper in the
 
    virtual degree ceremony? 
  I guess that ought to be an intangible")
 
    (Subclass-of intangible-thing)))
 
 

4.23 frame FINANCIAL-AWARD

 
(Define-Frame FINANCIAL-AWARD
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   ((Documentation "An award is an intangible thing, even if the
 
    piece of paper which is often associated with an award is
 
    tangible. 
  What about the virtual piece of paper in the
 
    virtual degree ceremony? 
  I guess that ought to be an intangible")
 
    (Subclass-of intangible-thing))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Has-Amount
 
     (slot-value-type amount-of-money))
 
    ))
 
 

4.24 frame DEGREE

 
(Define-Frame DEGREE
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   ((Documentation "A degree is type of award")
 
    (Subclass-of award)))
 
 

4.25 frame ACADEMIC-DEGREE

 
(Define-Frame ACADEMIC-DEGREE
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
  
   (Subclass-of degree)))
 
 

4.26 individual PHD

 
(Define-Individual PHD (academic-degree)
 
   )
 
 

4.27 individual DENG

 
(Define-Individual DENG (academic-degree)
 
   )
 
 

4.28 individual MSC

 
(Define-Individual MSC (academic-degree)
 
   )
 
 

4.29 individual MA

 
(Define-Individual MA (academic-degree)
 
   )
 
 

4.30 individual BA

 
(Define-Individual BA (academic-degree)
 
   )
 
 

4.31 individual BSC

 
(Define-Individual BSC (academic-degree)
 
   )
 
 

4.32 frame GIVING-A-TALK

 
(Define-Frame GIVING-A-TALK
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of information-transfer-event))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Has-Speaker
 
     (slot-value-type person))
 
    )
 
 
   :axioms
 
   ((forall (?inst124 ?value124) (=> (giving-a-talk ?inst124) (<=> 
(has-speaker ?inst124 ?value124) (sender-of-information ?inst124 
?value124))))
 
    ))
 
 

4.33 frame ATTENDING-AN-EVENT

 
(Define-Frame ATTENDING-AN-EVENT
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of event))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Event-Attended
 
     (slot-value-type event))
 
    ))
 
 

4.34 frame ATTENDING-A-CONFERENCE

 
(Define-Frame ATTENDING-A-CONFERENCE
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of attending-an-event))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Event-Attended
 
     (slot-value-type conference))
 
    ))

5 RESEARCH-AREAS

 
 
 
;;;Automatically translated from OCML file 
#4P"OCML:LIBRARY;DOMAINS;AKTIVE-PORTAL-ONTOLOGY;research-areas.lisp"
(in-package "ONTOLINGUA-USER")
 
(in-ontology 'aktive-portal-ontology)
 
 

5.1 frame GENERIC-AREA-OF-INTEREST

 
(Define-Frame GENERIC-AREA-OF-INTEREST
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   ((Documentation "A generic class to specify generic areas for 
research or business initiatives.
 
   For instance, the area in which a project is situated")
 
    (Subclass-of intangible-thing))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Sub-Area-Of
 
     (slot-value-type generic-area-of-interest))
 
    ))
 
 

5.2 frame RESEARCH-AREA

 
(Define-Frame RESEARCH-AREA
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of generic-area-of-interest))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Sub-Area-Of
 
     (slot-value-type research-area))
 
    ))
 
 

5.3 frame BUSINESS-AREA

 
(Define-Frame BUSINESS-AREA
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of generic-area-of-interest)))
 
 

5.4 individual LEARNING-RESEARCH-AREA

 
(Define-Individual LEARNING-RESEARCH-AREA (research-area)
 
   )
 
 

5.5 individual COMPUTING-RESEARCH-AREA

 
(Define-Individual COMPUTING-RESEARCH-AREA (research-area)
 
   )
 
 

5.6 individual ARTIFICIAL-INTELLIGENCE-RESEARCH-AREA

 
(Define-Individual ARTIFICIAL-INTELLIGENCE-RESEARCH-AREA (research-area)
 
   )
 
 

5.7 individual COGNITIVE-MODELLING-RESEARCH-AREA

 
(Define-Individual COGNITIVE-MODELLING-RESEARCH-AREA (research-area)
 
   )
 
 

5.8 individual E-COMMERCE-RESEARCH-AREA

 
(Define-Individual E-COMMERCE-RESEARCH-AREA (research-area)
 
   )
 
 

5.9 individual TELEPRESENCE-RESEARCH-AREA

 
(Define-Individual TELEPRESENCE-RESEARCH-AREA (research-area)
 
   )
 
 

5.10 individual HUMAN-COMPUTER-INTERACTION

 
(Define-Individual HUMAN-COMPUTER-INTERACTION (research-area)
 
   :axiom-def
 
   (Sub-Area-Of human-computer-interaction computing-research-area)
 
   )
 
 

5.11 individual SOFTWARE-VISUALIZATION

 
(Define-Individual SOFTWARE-VISUALIZATION (research-area)
 
   :axiom-def
 
   (Sub-Area-Of software-visualization human-computer-interaction)
 
   )
 
 

5.12 individual INFORMATION-RETRIEVAL

 
(Define-Individual INFORMATION-RETRIEVAL (research-area)
 
   )
 
 

5.13 individual AGENT-BASED-COMPUTING

 
(Define-Individual AGENT-BASED-COMPUTING (research-area)
 
   )
 
 

5.14 individual HYPERMEDIA

 
(Define-Individual HYPERMEDIA (research-area)
 
   )
 
 

5.15 individual ADAPTIVE-HYPERMEDIA

 
(Define-Individual ADAPTIVE-HYPERMEDIA (research-area)
 
   :axiom-def
 
   (Sub-Area-Of adaptive-hypermedia hypermedia)
 
   )
 
 

5.16 individual COLLABORATIVE-HYPERMEDIA

 
(Define-Individual COLLABORATIVE-HYPERMEDIA (research-area)
 
   :axiom-def
 
   (Sub-Area-Of collaborative-hypermedia hypermedia)
 
   )
 
 

5.17 individual MULTIMEDIA-RESEARCH-AREA

 
(Define-Individual MULTIMEDIA-RESEARCH-AREA (research-area)
 
   )
 
 

5.18 individual DYNAMIC-LINKING

 
(Define-Individual DYNAMIC-LINKING (research-area)
 
   :axiom-def
 
   (Sub-Area-Of dynamic-linking adaptive-hypermedia)
 
   )
 
 

5.19 individual ORGANIZATIONAL-LEARNING

 
(Define-Individual ORGANIZATIONAL-LEARNING (research-area)
 
   :axiom-def
 
   (Sub-Area-Of organizational-learning learning-research-area)
 
   )
 
 

5.20 individual KNOWLEDGE-MANAGEMENT

 
(Define-Individual KNOWLEDGE-MANAGEMENT (research-area)
 
   )
 
 

5.21 individual KNOWLEDGE-ACQUISITION

 
(Define-Individual KNOWLEDGE-ACQUISITION (research-area)
 
   
 :axiom-def
 
   (Sub-Area-Of knowledge-acquisition knowledge-management)
 
   )
 
 

5.22 individual INCIDENTAL-KA

 
(Define-Individual INCIDENTAL-KA (research-area)
 
   :axiom-def
 
   (Sub-Area-Of incidental-ka knowledge-acquisition)
 
   )
 
 

5.23 individual KNOWLEDGE-LIFECYCLE

 
(Define-Individual KNOWLEDGE-LIFECYCLE (research-area)
 
   :axiom-def
 
   (Sub-Area-Of knowledge-lifecycle knowledge-management)
 
   )
 
 

5.24 individual KNOWLEDGE-MODELLING

 
(Define-Individual KNOWLEDGE-MODELLING (research-area)
 
   :axiom-def
 
   (Sub-Area-Of knowledge-modelling knowledge-management)
 
   )
 
 

5.25 individual ONTOLOGIES

 
(Define-Individual ONTOLOGIES (research-area)
 
   :axiom-def
 
   (And (Sub-Area-Of ontologies knowledge-modelling)
 
        (Sub-Area-Of ontologies knowledge-reuse)
 
        ))
 
 

5.26 individual WEB-RESEARCH-AREA

 
(Define-Individual WEB-RESEARCH-AREA (research-area)
 
   )
 
 

5.27 individual SEMANTIC-WEB-AREA

 
(Define-Individual SEMANTIC-WEB-AREA (research-area)
 
   :axiom-def
 
   (Sub-Area-Of semantic-web-area web-research-area)
 
   )
 
 

5.28 individual PROBLEM-SOLVING-METHODS

 
(Define-Individual PROBLEM-SOLVING-METHODS (research-area)
 
   :axiom-def
 
   (And (Sub-Area-Of problem-solving-methods knowledge-modelling)
 
        (Sub-Area-Of problem-solving-methods knowledge-reuse)
 
        ))
 
 

5.29 individual KNOWLEDGE-MAINTENANCE

 
(Define-Individual KNOWLEDGE-MAINTENANCE (research-area)
 
   :axiom-def
 
   (Sub-Area-Of knowledge-maintenance knowledge-management)
 
   )
 
 

5.30 individual KNOWLEDGE-RETRIEVAL

 
(Define-Individual KNOWLEDGE-RETRIEVAL (research-area)
 
   :axiom-def
 
   (Sub-Area-Of knowledge-retrieval knowledge-management)
 
   )
 
 

5.31 individual KNOWLEDGE-REUSE

 
(Define-Individual KNOWLEDGE-REUSE (research-area)
 
   :axiom-def
 
   (Sub-Area-Of knowledge-reuse knowledge-management)
 
   )
 
 

5.32 individual KNOWLEDGE-PUBLISHING

 
(Define-Individual KNOWLEDGE-PUBLISHING (research-area)
 
   :axiom-def
 
   (Sub-Area-Of knowledge-publishing knowledge-management)
 
   )
 
 

5.33 individual LANGUAGE-ENGINEERING

 
(Define-Individual LANGUAGE-ENGINEERING (research-area)
 
   
 )
 
 

5.34 individual INFORMATION-EXTRACTION

 
(Define-Individual INFORMATION-EXTRACTION (research-area)
 
   :axiom-def
 
   (Sub-Area-Of information-extraction language-engineering)
 
   )

6 TECHS

 
 
 
;;;Automatically translated from OCML file 
#4P"OCML:LIBRARY;DOMAINS;AKTIVE-PORTAL-ONTOLOGY;techs.lisp"
(in-package "ONTOLINGUA-USER")
 
(in-ontology 'aktive-portal-ontology)
 
 

6.1 relation ADDRESSES-GENERIC-AREA-OF-INTEREST

 
(Define-Relation ADDRESSES-GENERIC-AREA-OF-INTEREST (?x ?area)
 
 
   :sufficient (and (sub-area-of ?sub-area ?area) 
(addresses-generic-area-of-interest ?x ?sub-area))
 
   :constraints (generic-area-of-interest ?area))
 
 

6.2 frame TECHNOLOGY

 
(Define-Frame TECHNOLOGY
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   ((Documentation "By technology we mean engineered applications of science.
 
    I guess we are probably confining ourselves to tangible things, but
 
    as I am not sure I will use thing as the direct superclass")
 
    (Subclass-of thing))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Addresses-Generic-Area-Of-Interest
 
     (slot-value-type generic-area-of-interest))
 
    (Supports-Method
 
     (slot-value-type method))
 
    (Technology-Builds-On
 
     (slot-value-type technology))
 
    (Owned-By
 
     (slot-value-type organization))
 
    (Has-Author
 
     (slot-value-type person))
 
    ))
 
 

6.3 frame METHOD

 
(Define-Frame METHOD
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   ((Documentation "Merrian-Webster has a good set of definitions for a method.
 
    They say it is 'a systematic procedure,
 
    technique, or mode of inquiry employed by or proper to a particular
 
    discipline or art; 
  a systematic plan followed in presenting
 
    material for instruction; a way, technique, or
 
    process of or for doing something; a body of skills or techniques'.
 
    This is very much also what we mean by method.")
 
    (Subclass-of intangible-thing))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Addresses-Generic-Area-Of-Interest
 
     (slot-value-type generic-area-of-interest))
 
    (Method-Builds-On
 
     (slot-value-type method))
 
    (Owned-By
 
     (slot-value-type organization))
 
    (Has-Author
 
     (slot-value-type person))
 
    ))
 
 

6.4 frame COMPUTING-TECHNOLOGY

 
(Define-Frame COMPUTING-TECHNOLOGY
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of technology)))
 
 

6.5 frame SOFTWARE-TECHNOLOGY

 
(Define-Frame SOFTWARE-TECHNOLOGY
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of computing-technology)))
 
 

6.6 frame IMPLEMENTED-SYSTEM

 
(Define-Frame IMPLEMENTED-SYSTEM
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of software-technology))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Has-Status
 
     (documentation "Whether the software is released, alpha or beta")
 
     (slot-value-type software-status))
 
    (Requires-Software-Technology
 
     (slot-value-type software-technology))
 
    (Runs-On-Operating-System
 
     (slot-value-type operating-system))
  
   (Requires-Hardware-Platform
 
     (slot-value-type hardware-platform))
 
    ))
 
 

6.7 frame WEB-SITE

 
(Define-Frame WEB-SITE
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of implemented-system)
 
    (Subclass-of information-bearing-object))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Has-Url
 
     (slot-value-type url))
 
    ))
 
 

6.8 frame PROGRAMMING-ENVIRONMENT

 
(Define-Frame PROGRAMMING-ENVIRONMENT
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of implemented-system))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Supports-Language
 
     (slot-value-type programming-language))
 
    ))
 
 

6.9 frame WEB-BASED-SYSTEM

 
(Define-Frame WEB-BASED-SYSTEM
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   ((Documentation "A system which is accessible through the web")
 
    (Subclass-of implemented-system))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Requires-Software-Technology-On-Client-Side
 
     (slot-value-type software-technology))
 
    (Runs-On-Operating-System-On-Client-Side
 
     (slot-value-type operating-system))
 
    (Requires-Hardware-Platform-On-Client-Side
 
     (slot-value-type hardware-platform))
 
    (Requires-Software-Technology-On-Server-Side
 
     (slot-value-type software-technology))
 
    (Runs-On-Operating-System-On-Server-Side
 
     (slot-value-type operating-system))
 
    (Requires-Hardware-Platform-On-Server-Side
 
     (slot-value-type hardware-platform))
 
    )
 
 
   :axioms
 
   ((forall (?inst137 ?value137) (=> (web-based-system ?inst137) (<=> 
(requires-software-technology-on-server-side ?inst137 ?value137) 
(requires-software-technology ?inst137 ?value137))))
 
    (forall (?inst137 ?value137) (=> (web-based-system ?inst137) (<=> 
(requires-hardware-platform-on-server-side ?inst137 ?value137) 
(requires-hardware-platform ?inst137 ?value137))))
 
    (forall (?inst137 ?value137) (=> (web-based-system ?inst137) (<=> 
(runs-on-operating-system-on-server-side ?inst137 ?value137) 
(runs-on-operating-system ?inst137 ?value137))))
 
    ))
 
 

6.10 frame WEB-BROWSER

 
(Define-Frame WEB-BROWSER
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   ((Documentation "A web browser is not a web-based system!")
 
    (Subclass-of implemented-system)))
 
 

6.11 frame HARDWARE-TECHNOLOGY

 
(Define-Frame HARDWARE-TECHNOLOGY
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of computing-technology)))
 
 

6.12 frame OPERATING-SYSTEM

 
(Define-Frame OPERATING-SYSTEM
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of implemented-system)))
 
 

6.13 frame EDITOR

 
(Define-Frame EDITOR
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of implemented-system))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Supports-Language
 
     (slot-value-type specification-or-computing-language))
 
    ))
 
 

6.14 frame WEB-BASED-EDITOR

 
(Define-Frame WEB-BASED-EDITOR
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of editor)
 
    (Subclass-of web-based-system)))
 
 

6.15 frame HARDWARE-PLATFORM

 
(Define-Frame HARDWARE-PLATFORM
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of hardware-technology)))
 
 

6.16 frame SPECIFICATION-OR-COMPUTING-LANGUAGE

 
(Define-Frame SPECIFICATION-OR-COMPUTING-LANGUAGE
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of software-technology)))
 
 

6.17 frame PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGE

 
(Define-Frame PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGE
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of specification-or-computing-language)))
 
 

6.18 frame SPECIFICATION-LANGUAGE

 
(Define-Frame SPECIFICATION-LANGUAGE
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of specification-or-computing-language)))
 
 

6.19 frame SCRIPTING-LANGUAGE

 
(Define-Frame SCRIPTING-LANGUAGE
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of programming-language)))
 
 

6.20 frame SOFTWARE-STATUS

 
(Define-Frame SOFTWARE-STATUS
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of intangible-thing)))
 
 

6.21 individual ALPHA-VERSION

 
(Define-Individual ALPHA-VERSION (software-status)
 
   )
 
 

6.22 individual BETA-VERSION

 
(Define-Individual BETA-VERSION (software-status)
 
   )
 
 

6.23 individual RELEASED-VERSION

 
(Define-Individual RELEASED-VERSION (software-status)
 
   )
 
 

6.24 individual BROKEN-VERSION

 
(Define-Individual BROKEN-VERSION (software-status)
 
   )
 
 

6.25 individual EXPERIMENTAL-VERSION

 
(Define-Individual EXPERIMENTAL-VERSION (software-status)
 
   )
 
 

6.26 frame WEB-TECHNOLOGY

 
(Define-Frame WEB-TECHNOLOGY
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of computing-technology))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Addresses-Generic-Area-Of-Interest
 
     (slot-value web-research-area))
 
    ))
 
 

6.27 frame SERVER-TECHNOLOGY

 
(Define-Frame SERVER-TECHNOLOGY
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of software-technology)
 
    (Subclass-of web-technology)))
 
 

6.28 frame MULTIMEDIA-TECHNOLOGY

 
(Define-Frame MULTIMEDIA-TECHNOLOGY
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of software-technology))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Addresses-Generic-Area-Of-Interest
 
     (slot-value multimedia-research-area))
 
    ))
 
 

6.29 frame LANGUAGE-ENGINEERING-TECHNOLOGY

 
(Define-Frame LANGUAGE-ENGINEERING-TECHNOLOGY
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of software-technology))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Addresses-Generic-Area-Of-Interest
 
     (slot-value language-engineering))
 
    ))
 
 

6.30 frame INFORMATION-EXTRACTION-TECHNOLOGY

 
(Define-Frame INFORMATION-EXTRACTION-TECHNOLOGY
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    
 (Subclass-of language-engineering-technology))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Addresses-Generic-Area-Of-Interest
 
     (slot-value information-extraction))
 
    ))
 
 

6.31 frame AGENT-TECHNOLOGY

 
(Define-Frame AGENT-TECHNOLOGY
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of software-technology))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Addresses-Generic-Area-Of-Interest
 
     (slot-value agent-based-computing))
 
    ))
 
 

6.32 frame SOFTWARE-VISUALIZATION-TECHNOLOGY

 
(Define-Frame SOFTWARE-VISUALIZATION-TECHNOLOGY
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of software-technology))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Addresses-Generic-Area-Of-Interest
 
     (slot-value software-visualization))
 
    ))
 
 

6.33 frame KNOWLEDGE-MODELLING-TECHNOLOGY

 
(Define-Frame KNOWLEDGE-MODELLING-TECHNOLOGY
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of software-technology))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Addresses-Generic-Area-Of-Interest
 
     (slot-value knowledge-modelling))
 
    ))
 
 

6.34 frame ONTOLOGY-SPECIFICATION-LANGUAGE

 
(Define-Frame ONTOLOGY-SPECIFICATION-LANGUAGE
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of specification-language)
 
    (Subclass-of knowledge-modelling-technology))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Addresses-Generic-Area-Of-Interest
 
     (slot-value ontologies))
 
    ))
 
 

6.35 frame KNOWLEDGE-PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGE

 
(Define-Frame KNOWLEDGE-PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGE
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   ((Documentation "These are knowledge modelling languages which have 
an interpreter and that
 
    can be used to build systems")
 
    (Subclass-of programming-language)
 
    (Subclass-of knowledge-modelling-technology)))
 
 

6.36 frame OPERATIONAL-ONTOLOGY-SPECIFICATION-LANGUAGE

 
(Define-Frame OPERATIONAL-ONTOLOGY-SPECIFICATION-LANGUAGE
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of ontology-specification-language)
 
    (Subclass-of knowledge-programming-language)))
 
 

6.37 individual CLIPS

 
(Define-Individual CLIPS (knowledge-programming-language)
 
   )
 
 

6.38 individual ONTOLINGUA

 
(Define-Individual ONTOLINGUA (ontology-specification-language)
 
   )
 
 

6.39 individual DAML+OIL

 
(Define-Individual DAML+OIL (operational-ontology-specification-language)
 
   )
 
 

6.40 individual OIL

 
(Define-Individual OIL (operational-ontology-specification-language)
 
   )
 
 

6.41 individual OCML

 
(Define-Individual OCML (operational-ontology-specification-language)
 
   )
 
 

6.42 individual JAVA

 
(Define-Individual JAVA (programming-language)
 
   )
 
 

6.43 individual LISP

 
(Define-Individual LISP (programming-language)
 
   )
 
 

6.44 individual PROLOG

 
(Define-Individual PROLOG (programming-language)
 
   )
 
 

6.45 individual C++

 
(Define-Individual C++ (programming-language)
 
   )
 
 

6.46 individual SMALLTALK

 
(Define-Individual SMALLTALK (programming-language)
 
   )
 
 

6.47 individual PERL

 
(Define-Individual PERL (programming-language)
 
   )
 
 

6.48 individual CGI

 
(Define-Individual CGI (scripting-language)
 
   )
 
 

6.49 individual JAVASCRIPT

 
(Define-Individual JAVASCRIPT (scripting-language)
 
   )
 
 

6.50 individual KMI-WEB-LISP-SERVER

 
(Define-Individual KMI-WEB-LISP-SERVER (server-technology)
 
   )
 
 

6.51 individual HARLEQUIN-COMMON-LISP

 
(Define-Individual HARLEQUIN-COMMON-LISP (programming-environment)
 
   :axiom-def
 
   (And (Supports-Language harlequin-common-lisp lisp)
 
        (Has-Status harlequin-common-lisp released-version)
 
        (Owned-By harlequin-common-lisp xanalys)
 
        (Runs-On-Operating-System harlequin-common-lisp windows2000)
 
        (Runs-On-Operating-System harlequin-common-lisp unix)
 
        ))
 
 

6.52 individual GLOBAL-GRAPHICS-SOFTWARE

 
(Define-Individual GLOBAL-GRAPHICS-SOFTWARE (public-company)
 
   "About 600 employees - I guess we consider it a medium-sized organization"
 
   :axiom-def
 
   (Has-Size global-graphics-software medium-size)
 
   )
 
 

6.53 individual XANALYS

 
(Define-Individual XANALYS (company)
 
   :axiom-def
 
   (And (Subsidiary-Of xanalys global-graphics-software)
 
        (Has-Size xanalys small-size)
 
        ))
 
 

6.54 individual WINDOWS2000

 
(Define-Individual WINDOWS2000 (operating-system)
 
   )
 
 

6.55 individual MAC-OS

 
(Define-Individual MAC-OS (operating-system)
 
   )
 
 

6.56 individual UNIX

 
(Define-Individual UNIX (operating-system)
 
   )
 
 

6.57 individual NETSCAPE-COMMUNICATOR-BROWSER

 
(Define-Individual NETSCAPE-COMMUNICATOR-BROWSER (web-browser)
 
   )
 
 

6.58 individual WEB-ONTO

 
(Define-Individual WEB-ONTO (web-based-editor)
 
   :axiom-def
 
   (And (Supports-Language web-onto ocml)
 
        (Has-Status web-onto released-version)
 
        (Has-Author web-onto john-domingue)
 
        (Owned-By web-onto the-open-university)
 
        (Runs-On-Operating-System-On-Client-Side web-onto windows2000)
 
        (Runs-On-Operating-System-On-Client-Side web-onto unix)
 
        (Runs-On-Operating-System-On-Server-Side web-onto windows2000)
 
        (Runs-On-Operating-System-On-Server-Side web-onto unix)
 
        (Requires-Software-Technology-On-Server-Side web-onto 
kmi-web-lisp-server)
 
        (Requires-Software-Technology-On-Server-Side web-onto 
harlequin-common-lisp)
 
        (Requires-Software-Technology-On-Client-Side web-onto 
netscape-communicator-browser)
 
        (Requires-Software-Technology-On-Client-Side web-onto java)
 
        ))

7 PROJECTS

 
 
 
;;;Automatically translated from OCML file 
#4P"OCML:LIBRARY;DOMAINS;AKTIVE-PORTAL-ONTOLOGY;projects.lisp"
(in-package "ONTOLINGUA-USER")
 
(in-ontology 'aktive-portal-ontology)
 
 

7.1 frame ACTIVITY

 
(Define-Frame ACTIVITY
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of temporal-thing))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Produces-Output
 
     (slot-value-type thing))
 
    (Uses-Resource
 
     (slot-value-type thing))
 
    (Has-Status
 
     (slot-value-type activity-status))
 
    (Has-Sub-Activity
 
     (slot-value-type activity))
 
    ))
 
 

7.2 frame ACTIVITY-STATUS

 
(Define-Frame ACTIVITY-STATUS
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of string)))
 
 

7.3 frame PROJECT

 
(Define-Frame PROJECT
 
 
   :own-slots
 
   (
 
    (Subclass-of activity))
 
 
   :template-slots
 
   ((Addresses-Generic-Area-Of-Interest
 
     (slot-value-type generic-area-of-interest))
 
    (Has-Web-Address
 
     (slot-value-type url))
  
   (Funding-Source
 
     (slot-value-type organization))
 
    (Has-Project-Member
 
     (minimum-slot-cardinality 1)
 
     (slot-value-type person))
 
    (Has-Project-Leader
 
     (slot-value-type person))
 
    (Has-Goals
 
     (slot-value-type string))
 
    (Involves-Organization
 
     (minimum-slot-cardinality 1)
 
     (slot-value-type organization))
 
    (Produces-Output
 
     (slot-value-type '(kappa (?value161) (or (event ?value161) 
(technology ?value161) (method ?value161) (organization ?value161) 
(information-bearing-object ?value161)))))
 
    (Has-Leading-Organization
 
     (slot-value-type organization))
 
    )
 
 
   :axioms
 
   ((=> (project ?x) (and (forall ?y (=> (has-leading-organization ?x 
?y) (involves-organization ?x ?y))) (forall ?y (=> 
(has-project-leader ?x ?y) (has-project-member ?x ?y)))))
 
    ))
 
 

7.4 relation PROJECT-INVOLVES-ORGANIZATION-UNIT

 
(Define-Relation PROJECT-INVOLVES-ORGANIZATION-UNIT (?p ?u)
 
   "It is sufficient that somebody in unit ?u works in project ?p"
 
   :sufficient (and (project ?p) (organization-unit ?u) (has-project-member 
?p ?x) (works-in-unit ?x ?u))
 
   :constraints (and (project ?p) (organization-unit ?u)))
 
 

7.5 individual AKT-PROJECT

 
(Define-Individual AKT-PROJECT (project)
 
   :axiom-def
 
   (And (Has-Leading-Organization akt-project university-of-southampton)
 
        
 (Involves-Organization akt-project the-open-university)
 
        (Involves-Organization akt-project university-of-edinburgh)
 
        (Involves-Organization akt-project university-of-sheffield)
 
        (Involves-Organization akt-project university-of-aberdeen)
 
        (Involves-Organization akt-project university-of-southampton)
 
        (Has-Project-Leader akt-project nigel-shadbolt)
 
        (Has-Project-Member akt-project john-domingue)
 
        (Has-Project-Member akt-project nigel-shadbolt)
 
        (Funding-Source akt-project epsrc)
 
        (Has-Web-Address akt-project "http://www.aktors.org")
 
        (Addresses-Generic-Area-Of-Interest akt-project knowledge-management)
 
        (Addresses-Generic-Area-Of-Interest akt-project knowledge-acquisition)
 
        (Addresses-Generic-Area-Of-Interest akt-project incidental-ka)
 
        (Addresses-Generic-Area-Of-Interest akt-project semantic-web-area)
 
        (Addresses-Generic-Area-Of-Interest akt-project knowledge-retrieval)
 
        (Addresses-Generic-Area-Of-Interest akt-project knowledge-reuse)
 
        (Addresses-Generic-Area-Of-Interest akt-project information-extraction)
 
        (Addresses-Generic-Area-Of-Interest akt-project knowledge-maintenance)
 
        (Addresses-Generic-Area-Of-Interest akt-project knowledge-publishing)
 
        (Addresses-Generic-Area-Of-Interest akt-project dynamic-linking)
 
        (Addresses-Generic-Area-Of-Interest akt-project ontologies)
 
        ))