Ontology: Aktive-Portal-Ontology; Representation Language: OCML; File: techs

This ontology was created by the Advanced Knowledge Technologies (AKT) project. AKT is an Interdisciplinary Research Collaboration (IRC), which is sponsored by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council under grant number GR/N15764/01. The AKT IRC comprises the Universities of Aberdeen, Edinburgh, Sheffield, Southampton and the Open University.

;;; Mode: Lisp; Package: ocml

;;; The Open University

(in-package "OCML")

(in-ontology aktive-portal-ontology)

(def-relation ADDRESSES-GENERIC-AREA-OF-INTEREST (?X ?area) 
  :constraint (generic-area-of-interest ?area)
  :sufficient (and (sub-area-of ?sub-area ?area)
                   (addresses-generic-area-of-interest ?x ?sub-area)))
                   
(def-class TECHNOLOGY (temporal-thing)  
  "By technology we mean engineered applications of science.
   I guess we are probably confining ourselves to tangible things
   but as I am not sure I will use thing as the direct superclass - 
   e.g., an algorithm is an intangible thing, but it could be seen as 
   a technology, if we give a broad interpretation of the term"
  ((has-author :type generic-agent)
   (has-web-address :type URL)
   (has-email-address :type email-address)
   (owned-by :type legal-agent)
   (technology-builds-on :type technology)
   (supports-method :type method)
   (addresses-generic-area-of-interest :type generic-area-of-interest)
   (has-publication :type publication)
   (has-key-publication :type publication)))


(def-class METHOD (intangible-thing)  
  "Merrian-Webster has a good set of definitions for a method.
   They say it is 'a systematic procedure,
   technique, or mode of inquiry employed by or proper to a particular 
   discipline or art;  a systematic plan followed in presenting 
   material for instruction; a way, technique, or
   process of or for doing something; a body of skills or techniques'.
   This is very much also what we mean by method."
  ((has-author :type person)
   (has-web-address :type URL)
   (has-email-address :type email-address)
   (owned-by :type organization)
   (method-builds-on :type method)
   (addresses-generic-area-of-interest 
    :type generic-area-of-interest)
   (has-publication :type publication)
   (has-key-publication :type publication)))

(def-class COMPUTING-TECHNOLOGY (technology)) 
 
(def-class SOFTWARE-TECHNOLOGY (computing-technology)) 

(def-class IMPLEMENTED-SYSTEM (software-technology) 
  ((requires-hardware-platform :type hardware-platform) 
   (runs-on-operating-system :type operating-system) 
   (requires-software-technology :type software-technology)
   (has-status :type software-status 
               :documentation "Whether the software is released, alpha or beta")))

(def-class WEB-SITE (implemented-system Information-bearing-object) 
  ((has-url :type url)))

(def-class PROGRAMMING-ENVIRONMENT (implemented-system) 
  ((supports-language :type programming-language)))

(def-class WEB-BASED-SYSTEM (implemented-system) 
  "A system which is accessible through the web"
  ((requires-hardware-platform-on-server-side :type hardware-platform) 
   (runs-on-operating-system-on-server-side :type operating-system) 
   (requires-software-technology-on-server-side :type software-technology)
   (requires-hardware-platform-on-client-side :type hardware-platform) 
   (runs-on-operating-system-on-client-side :type operating-system) 
   (requires-software-technology-on-client-side :type software-technology))
  :slot-renaming ((requires-software-technology-on-server-side requires-software-technology)
                  (requires-hardware-platform-on-server-side requires-hardware-platform)
                  (runs-on-operating-system-on-server-side runs-on-operating-system)))

(def-class WEB-BROWSER (implemented-system) 
  "A web browser is not a web-based system!")

  

(def-class HARDWARE-TECHNOLOGY (computing-technology)) 

(def-class OPERATING-SYSTEM (implemented-system)) 

(def-class EDITOR (implemented-system) 
  ((supports-language :type specification-or-computing-language)))

(def-class WEB-BASED-EDITOR (editor web-based-system)) 


(def-class HARDWARE-PLATFORM (hardware-technology)) 

(def-class SPECIFICATION-OR-COMPUTING-LANGUAGE (software-technology)) 

(def-class PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGE (specification-or-computing-language)) 

(def-class SPECIFICATION-LANGUAGE (specification-or-computing-language)) 

(def-class SCRIPTING-LANGUAGE (programming-language)) 


(def-class SOFTWARE-STATUS (intangible-thing)) 

(def-instance ALPHA-VERSION software-status) 

(def-instance BETA-VERSION software-status) 

(def-instance RELEASED-VERSION software-status) 

(def-instance BROKEN-VERSION software-status) 

(def-instance EXPERIMENTAL-VERSION software-status) 


(def-class WEB-TECHNOLOGY (computing-technology) 
  ((addresses-generic-area-of-interest :value web-research-area)))

(def-class SERVER-TECHNOLOGY (software-technology web-technology)) 

(def-class MULTIMEDIA-TECHNOLOGY (software-technology) 
  ((addresses-generic-area-of-interest :value multimedia-research-area))) 

(def-class LANGUAGE-ENGINEERING-TECHNOLOGY (software-technology) 
  ((addresses-generic-area-of-interest :value  language-engineering)))

(def-class INFORMATION-EXTRACTION-TECHNOLOGY (language-engineering-technology) 
  ((addresses-generic-area-of-interest :value  INFORMATION-EXTRACTION )))

(def-class AGENT-TECHNOLOGY (software-technology) 
  ((addresses-generic-area-of-interest :value AGENT-BASED-COMPUTING )))

(def-class SOFTWARE-VISUALIZATION-TECHNOLOGY (software-technology) 
  ((addresses-generic-area-of-interest  SOFTWARE-VISUALIZATION)))

(def-class KNOWLEDGE-MODELLING-TECHNOLOGY (software-technology) 
  ((addresses-generic-area-of-interest :value knowledge-modelling )))

(def-class ONTOLOGY-SPECIFICATION-LANGUAGE (specification-language  
                                            knowledge-modelling-technology)
  ((addresses-generic-area-of-interest :value ontologies)))



(def-class KNOWLEDGE-PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGE (programming-language  
                                           knowledge-modelling-technology)
  "These are knowledge modelling languages which have an interpreter and that
   can be used to build systems")

(def-class OPERATIONAL-ONTOLOGY-SPECIFICATION-LANGUAGE (ontology-specification-language  
                                                        knowledge-programming-language))


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;;;Below I define some instances to give examples of 
;;;the above categories


(def-instance CLIPS knowledge-programming-language) 

(def-instance ONTOLINGUA ontology-specification-language) 

(def-instance DAML+OIL operational-ontology-specification-language) 

(def-instance OIL operational-ontology-specification-language) 

(def-instance OCML operational-ontology-specification-language) 

(def-instance JAVA programming-language) 

(def-instance LISP programming-language) 

(def-instance PROLOG programming-language) 

(def-instance C++ programming-language) 

(def-instance SMALLTALK programming-language) 

(def-instance PERL programming-language) 

(def-instance CGI scripting-language) 

(def-instance JAVASCRIPT scripting-language) 



(def-instance KMI-WEB-LISP-SERVER server-technology) 

(def-instance HARLEQUIN-COMMON-LISP programming-environment 
  ((supports-language lisp)
   (has-status released-version)
   (owned-by Xanalys)
   (RUNS-ON-OPERATING-SYSTEM windows2000 unix)
   ))

(def-instance GLOBAL-GRAPHICS-SOFTWARE public-company 
  "About 600 employees - I guess we consider it a medium-sized organization"
  ((has-size medium-size)))

(def-instance XANALYS company 
  ((subsidiary-of GLOBAL-GRAPHICS-SOFTWARE)
   (has-size small-size)))


(def-instance WINDOWS2000 operating-system) 

(def-instance MAC-OS operating-system) 

(def-instance UNIX operating-system) 

(def-instance NETSCAPE-COMMUNICATOR-BROWSER web-browser) 


(def-instance WEB-ONTO web-based-editor 
  ((supports-language ocml)
   (has-status released-version)
   (has-author john-domingue)
   (owned-by The-Open-University)
   (RUNS-ON-OPERATING-SYSTEM-ON-CLIENT-SIDE windows2000 unix)
   (RUNS-ON-OPERATING-SYSTEM-ON-SERVER-SIDE windows2000  unix)
   (requires-software-technology-on-server-side  kmi-web-lisp-server harlequin-common-lisp)
   (requires-software-technology-on-client-side netscape-communicator-browser java)))

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